Volume 28,Issue 8,2012 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Protein Structures of Silver Carp
    HU Ai-jun LU Xiu-li ZHENG Jie TIAN Fang-yuan LI Hong-yan CHEN Qiong-xi WANG Si-si
    2012, 28(8):894-897.
    [Abstract](1207) [HTML](0) [PDF 455.02 K](717)
    Abstract:
    This work used silver carp as raw material and mainly studied on ultrasonic treatment effects on structural properties of silver carp protein. The results indicated that the hydrophobicity (HO) of silver carp protein increased firstly and then decreased with the rise of ultrasonic power when fish protein was treated for 15min with ultrasonic (160 W~320 W). The highest HO value was 4.34 times higher than that of the control when the power reached 280 W. The amount of surface -SH treated with ultrasonic was less than that of untreated samples. The amount of surface -SH increased to the maximum at 240 W and then decreased. When fish protein was treated with 160 W ultrasonic for 5 min~25min, its H0 value and amount of surface -SH increased gradually. In addition, IR analysis showed that the content of α-helix and β-turn in fish protein decreased by 54.5% and 21.9%, respectively, while the amount of β-sheet did not rise obviously and free curl increased in the ultrasonic group by 8.2 times.
    2  Effect of Salt Additives on Enzymatic Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Racemic p-Hydroxyphenylglycine Esters
    ZHANG Yuan-yuan FAN Xiao-dan ZONG Min-hua WU Hong
    2012, 28(8):898-902.
    [Abstract](920) [HTML](0) [PDF 461.86 K](746)
    Abstract:
    The effects of salt additives, enzymes and substrate structure on on enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic p-hydroxyphenylglycine ester were examined systematically, when the salt was used as additive. Among seventeen sorts of salts tested, chloride salts and oxalates have slight effect on Novozym 435-catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester, while potassium phosphate only increased the reaction rate but did not influence enzymatic enantioselectivity. Bicarbonate salts, ammonium salts, sodium phosphate and sodium acetate all could not only markedly accelerate the reaction but also improve its enantioselectivity in comparison with the reaction without adding salts, of which ammonium bicarbonate was showed to be the best additive for the reaction (E value of 78 was achieved). When Alcalase was used as catalyst, the initial reaction rate and E value of p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester hydrolysis in tert-butanol were boosted by the addition of NH4HCO3 with 30% and nearly 3-fold, respectively, as compared to the result without the salt addition into the reaction system. However, interestingly, NH4HCO3 inhibited papain-catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester to some extent, decreasing the initial reaction rate with 35% and E value with 60%. For the Novozym 435-catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic p-hydroxyphenylglycine ethyl ester and butyl ester, the E value of both substrates were markedly improved by adding NH4HCO3 in the same reaction system from 5 to 25 and from 23 to 28, respectively.
    3  Influence of WPI on Ultrasonic Sterilization
    LIU Li-yan ZHANG Xi-mei LI Lin LI Bing
    2012, 28(8):903-905.
    [Abstract](873) [HTML](0) [PDF 388.68 K](682)
    Abstract:
    In complex food system, bacteria may be protected or repaired by protein, fat and starch. In this research the protection effects of WPI on microbial inactivation under the ultrasound treatment was investigated using E. coli as target bacteria in order to expand the industrial application of ultrasound in food produciton. The results showed that WPI can protect the bacteria in the treatment of ultrasound with ultrasonic intensity (84 W/cm2) and treatment time (5 min). Under these ultrasonic radiation conditions, the higher the concentration of WPI, the stronger the effect of bacteria-protection. But under the treatment of ultrasound with intensity (105 W/cm2) and treatment time (15 min), the addition of WPI can promote the sterilization.
    4  Aessessment of the Probiotc Properties of Lactobacillus Strains
    TUO Yan-feng ZHANG Wei-qin ZHANG Lan-wei AI Lian-zhong
    2012, 28(8):906-910.
    [Abstract](1016) [HTML](0) [PDF 482.27 K](871)
    Abstract:
    The four L. paracasei supsp. paracasei stains were examined in vitro in a two-stage model system comprising simulated gastric and intestinal juices., adhesion capability to HT-29 cells, antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens and immunomodulating activity. The strains L. paracasei supsp. paracasei M5AL and J23ANL were able to survive in simulated gastro juice while the strains L. paracasei supsp. paracasei G15AL and T3AL lost viability exposed to simulated gastro juice for 3 h. The four strains had high viability in simulated small intestinal juice with little loss (<1.0 cycle reduction). The strain L. paracasei supsp. paracasei M5AL and G15AL had adhesive capability to HT-29 cells in vitro (>40 bacteria cells per 100 HT-29 cells). The strains L. paracasei supsp. paracasei M5AL and G15AL could inhibit the growth of the E. coli ATCC25922, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. sonnei ATCC 25931. The live bacteria of the four strains could exert proliferative effect on PBMCs.
    5  Purification of Lipases from Aspergillus oryzae 3.5232 Induced by Tween 80
    LIU Hong-wei XU Xi-lin LI Xiao-feng
    2012, 28(8):911-914.
    [Abstract](971) [HTML](0) [PDF 440.04 K](620)
    Abstract:
    The expression of the lipase with 27 kDa molecular weight on cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm of Aspergillus oryzae 3.5232 was inducted by Tween 80. Another lipase with 36 kDa molecular weight in cytoplasm was also detected under same conditions. The cytoplasmic lipase was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitaiton and DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sepahdex G-75 column chromatography. Purification fold was 42.5 and the recovery rate was 0.12%. Molecular weight of purified lipase was 36 kDa.
    6  Research of Controling Freezing Point of Broccoli by Using Freezing Point Regulators
    LIN Ben-fang LU Xiao-xiang LI Jiang-kuo
    2012, 28(8):915-917.
    [Abstract](905) [HTML](0) [PDF 430.18 K](720)
    Abstract:
    In this research, the effects of different freezing point regulators on broccoli freezing point were investigated. Four kinds of freezing point regulators, including glucose, vitamin C, calcium chloride and sorbitol, were used for research on the influence of freezing point of broccoli by the single factor comparison experiment method. The results indicated that calcium chloride and glucose were the better freezing point regulators. When broccoli was soaked for 30 minutes with calcium chloride content being of 3%, its’ freezing point was decreased from -0.8 ℃ to -1 ℃.
    7  Changes of Quality Properties of Wheat during Storage in Large Squat Silo of South China
    WU Xin-lian SUN Mei-xia LIAO Jiang-ming LUO Bai-liu LI Guo-jian ZHANG Rong-sen
    2012, 28(8):918-921.
    [Abstract](1647) [HTML](0) [PDF 461.71 K](852)
    Abstract:
    The changes of quality properties of wheat during storage in large squat silo of South China were investigated in the present study. Results showed that moisture content, wet gluten content, gluten absorption ratio and germination rate of wheat with different varieties decreased gradually, while falling number, forming time of dough, extension area, extension resistance, maximum extension resistance, extension ration and maximum extension ration increased gradually with the extension of storage time. All these results indicated that quality properties of wheat during storage in large squat silo of South China deteriorated to some extent. Results from this study also suggested that the safe moisture content of wheat in South China could be set as 12.5%, and transition period of wheat with safe moisture content stored in large squat silo could be extent to 4~5 years.
    8  Isolation, Purification and Identification of Halotolerant Yeast from Soy Sauce Mash and Its Salt Tolerance
    FANG Yi-chuan LI Fen-fang HU Wen-feng GAO Xiang-yang YU Shi-qin TAN Zhi-hui XIAO Yun-zhu LIU Liang-jie LI Yan-shan
    2012, 28(8):922-926.
    [Abstract](920) [HTML](0) [PDF 543.72 K](680)
    Abstract:
    Six strains of halotolerant yeast were isolated from the high-salt-liquid-state fermentation of the self-made soy sauce mash. They were cultivated with 3.0 mol/L NaCl on solid medium, and then the characteristics of colony were detected at different time. Two strains (5# and 6#) with the best salt tolerance ability, high activity and high alcohols production were selected. The strains were found as Zygosaccharomyces rouxii by morphological, physiological and biochemical, 18S rDNA identification.
    9  Clonging and Expression of a WprA gene in Bacillus subtilis WB800
    CHAI Hai-yun CUI Tang-bing
    2012, 28(8):927-929.
    [Abstract](916) [HTML](0) [PDF 348.03 K](760)
    Abstract:
    A fibrinolytic enzyme gene (WprA) was cloned from Bacillus subtilis 168. To efficiently express WprA in Bacillus subtilis WB800, WprA gene was inserted into pBE3 to yield a nove vector pBE-WprA. Then the vector pBE-WprA was transformed and expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB800. Results showed WprA gene was efficiently expressed during the exponential and stationary growth stages, and WprA was secreted into the medium.
    10  Adsorption of Cr(VI) in Solution by Abandoned Wine Grape Pomace
    ZOU Lei
    2012, 28(8):930-932.
    [Abstract](1156) [HTML](0) [PDF 297.16 K](577)
    Abstract:
    The abandoned wine grape pomace (WGP) was used as adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) in solution. The effects of adsorption time,particle size,WGP dosage, solution pH and Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption were discussed. It was found that adsorption balance reached at 4 h and adsorption rate of Cr(VI) by WGP was 87.97%.WGP with particle size lager than 60 mesh showed the highest adsorption capability. Positive correlation was observed between adsorption rate and WGP dosage. The adsorption rate tended to peak (above 88%) when WGP dosage was above 1 g. Asorption rate of Cr(VI) by WGP decreased with the increase of solution pH till the pH value reached 3. The higher Cr(VI) concentration, the higher adsorption rate was found. It can be concluded that WGP was a kind of effective adsorbent with strong adsorption ability to Cr(VI).
    11  Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Fiber from Balsam Pear
    ZHANG Zhi-xu CHEN Yue-wen LIU Dong-bo
    2012, 28(8):933-935.
    [Abstract](1004) [HTML](0) [PDF 448.14 K](797)
    Abstract:
    The in vitro antioxidant activity of dietary fiber from Balsam pear (DFBP) and Vc were compared by using spectrophotometry.The results showed that DFBP had strong antioxidation ability. The DPPH? -scavenging and total antioxidation capacities of the sample was superior to Vc. But it was inferior to Vc in hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion containing systems. It indicated that there were various antioxidant substance in DFBP.
    12  Migiation Behaviour of Plumbum and Arsenic on Cordyceps Sinsesis Fermentation
    LUO Zhen LIU Yuan-yuan XU Xiao-fei LI Zhi-gang WANG Yong-hua
    2012, 28(8):936-939.
    [Abstract](1395) [HTML](0) [PDF 484.57 K](697)
    Abstract:
    The influence of plumbum and arsenic on the submerged fermentation with paecilomyces hepialid has been investigated. The results showed that plumbum had little effect on the fermentation with paecilomyces hepialid, but arsenic showed high cell toxicity during the fermentation. When the arsenic concentration was 100 μg/kg, the yields of polysaccharide and mannitol decreased by 28% and 14%, respectively. When plumbum and arsenic concentrations were in range of 0~100 μg/kg, the curves described by the lead and arsenic concentration in the mycelia and the culture medium fitted well to linear equation and logistic equation, respectively.
    13  Studies of Antioxidant Properties of Propolis Extracts
    CAI Jun SONG Huan
    2012, 28(8):940-944.
    [Abstract](1224) [HTML](0) [PDF 509.18 K](713)
    Abstract:
    The antioxidant activity of propolis,ethanol extract, supercritical CO2 extract, and ethanol extract of CO2 residue of propolis in rapeseed oil and lard were determined with Schall oven method. The results showed that, the propolis extract containing above 0.01% of total flavonoids can significantly prolong the rapeseed oil oxidation induction period and are efficient grease antioxidants. Flavonoids was one of the main components with high antioxidant activity in various propolis extracts. With the ranges of total flavonoids concentration above 0.005%, the overall anti-oxidative activity had a dose-response relationship. When the same adding amount of propolis and its extract) and temperature (60℃) were adopted, the order of the antioxidant activities of the tested antioxidant agents and propolis extracts in rapeseed oil was found as: TBHQ > supercritical CO2 extract of propolis > ethanol extract of CO2 residue of propolis ≥ ethanol extract of propolis > VE > glycine > propolis > BHT. And the order of the antioxidant activities of the tested antioxidant agents and propolis extracts in lard was found as: TBHQ >ethanol extract of CO2 residue of propolis ≥ ethanol extract of propolis ≥ BHT > glycine > propolis > supercritical CO2 extract of propolis >VE. This study may provide some experimental data for the application of propolis extracts as natural antioxidants in greasy foods.
    14  Effects of Heat Treatment on Stability and Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Red Pitaya Pigment
    HU Kun XING Rui-wei LI Jing-heng CHEN Guan-lin
    2012, 28(8):945-948.
    [Abstract](1280) [HTML](0) [PDF 464.37 K](881)
    Abstract:
    The effects of isoascorbic acid, citric acid, and sodium hexametaphosphate on heat stability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of red pitaya pigment were studied and the results showed that isoascorbic acid and citric acid were not efficient in protecting pigment from heat degrading, while sodium hexametaphosphate can effectively inhibit pigment from decoloring during heat treatment. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of betacyanins was relative stable at pH 3.0~6.0, but decreases at pH 2.0. Heat treatment of the pigment at 90℃for 10 min remarkably reduced its radical scavenging activity up to 50% and this reducing effect increased with decreasing pH. The results also showed that there was some dependence between the heat degrading stability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the pigment.
    15  Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol in Camphor Leaf on Lipid
    ZENG Juan LI Hui-na
    2012, 28(8):949-951.
    [Abstract](1270) [HTML](0) [PDF 448.74 K](757)
    Abstract:
    Polyphenol was extracted from camphor leaf by using 70% alcohol and its antioxidant properties on oil and lard were studied. Results showed that camphor polyphenols extract can effectively delay oxidation of oil and lard, and the antioxdant activity increased with the amount of camphor polyphenols increasing. But polyphenols from camphor Leaf was lower than those of Vc, VE, citric acid and PG.
    16  Separation and Biochemical Identification of the Strains in Commercial Fermented Stinky Tofu
    HE Li WU Hui
    2012, 28(8):952-955.
    [Abstract](1316) [HTML](0) [PDF 496.43 K](950)
    Abstract:
    In this experiment, the strains were separated from commercial fermented stinky tofu, and their biochemical properties were identified. the appropriate safe strains were selected for production of fermentation stinky tofu. Lactic acid bacteria (including Lactobacillus breris, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. Torquens and Lactobacillus plantarum), Bacillus (including Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulans), Pseudomonas and Vibrio were separated from the commercial fermented stinky tofu. Among the seperated strains, only four strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus circulans and Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. Torquens) were considered as safe candidates after determination of their haemolytic exotoxin-producing or lecithase-producing capabilities
    17  Study on Lipid Antioxidant Effect of 2,4,5-Trihydroxybutyrophenone
    TANG Yuan-sheng ZHONG Zheng DENG Hui GAN Zhi-chong
    2012, 28(8):956-958.
    [Abstract](1140) [HTML](0) [PDF 388.72 K](820)
    Abstract:
    the antioxidant activity of THBP (2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone) for canola oil and lard was investigated and compared with TBHQ (Proply Gallate) and BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). The results showed that THBP had very high antioxidant activity in canola oil and lard. The best dosage of THBP was determined as 0.02%. Additon of different concentrations of THBP slowed the fat oxidation. The oil-protection effect can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of THBP and its antioxidant activity was between BHT and TBHQ.
    18  Oxidation Degradation of Chitosan for Preparation of Oligochitosan
    ZHENG Bi-sheng ZHOU Meng
    2012, 28(8):959-963.
    [Abstract](1335) [HTML](0) [PDF 573.47 K](1132)
    Abstract:
    Chitosan (COS) with 96.7% deacelation degree was degraded oxidatively by hydrogen peroxide in order to prepare oligochitosan with polymerization. The optimal reaction conditions were discussed by means of some single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. COS was dissolved in 4.0% acetic acid with 4.0% hydrogen peroxide at 60 ℃ shaking for 6 hour. The distribution of COS and the degraded COS under optimal conditions were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed COS had been completely degraded with the molecular weight being below 2000. The polymerization degree of degraded COS was below 10 after been detected and analysed by electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which was in the control range of degradation.
    19  Study on Synthesis of Levulinic Acid with Solid Acid SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 as Catalyst
    ZENG Shan-shan LIN Lu LIU Di
    2012, 28(8):964-968.
    [Abstract](1798) [HTML](0) [PDF 597.40 K](660)
    Abstract:
    Levulinic acid was prepared by solid SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst from sucrose in water. The influence of impregnation concentration of sulfuric acid and calcinations temperature on catalyst activity was studied. The effect of different reaction conditions and catalyst reuse cycle on levulinic acid yield was investigated. The surfaces structure and acidity changes of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD and NH3-TPD. Experimental results indicated that the optimal catalyst could be obtained under the following conditions: 1mol/L impregnation concentration of sulfuric acid, 550 ℃ of calcination temperature and 3 h of calcinations time. And the yield of levulinic acid was about 50.0% (molar percent) under the optimum conditions: amount of catalyst 1g, reaction temperature 190℃ and reaction time 1h. The recovered SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst after calcination was found to remain high catalytic activity after being reused for several times.
    20  Preparation of Soybean Antioxidant Peptides by Aspergillus oryzae Solid Fermentation Combined with Controllable Koji Hydrolysis
    WANG Hai-yan ZHANG Feng-lan CAO Ya-lan DING Hong
    2012, 28(8):969-974.
    [Abstract](895) [HTML](0) [PDF 611.27 K](624)
    Abstract:
    Antioxidant peptides from soybean were prepared by solid fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae and combined with controllable koji hydrolysis. With defatted soybean as nitrogen source and wheat bran as carbon source for Aspergillus oryzae, the koji-making conditions were optimized and the protease activity of koji were evaluated.The degree of hydrolysis, peptide recovery and protein recovery were also analyzed. Then orthogonal test was applied to optimize preparation conditions. It was found that the optimum koji-making conditions were as follows: C/N ratio 1/5, culture time 44 h, and inoculum size 0.05%. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: pH 7, substrate protein concentration 8%, hydrolysis time 4 h and no additional protein needed. Under these conditions, the alkaline protease activity of koji was 3109.85 U/g and the obtained product showed strong antioxidant activity with high ORAC value (2130.22 μmol Trolox equivalent/g peptide) and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 =0.29 mg/mL).
    21  Synthesis and Identification of Hapten and Artificial Antigens of Fenthion
    XIAO Zhi-li WANG Hong SEHN Yu-dong LEI Hong-tao WU Qing YANG Jin-yi SUN Yuan-ming
    2012, 28(8):975-978.
    [Abstract](931) [HTML](0) [PDF 474.10 K](807)
    Abstract:
    In order to develop immunoassays to fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, one fenthion hapten and two artificial antigens were synthesized before antibody production. The fenthion hapten was produced by combining thiophosphoryl chloride with 3-methyl-4- methylthiophenol and β-alanine. The production was identified through TLC, 1H-NMR and MS. The hapten was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by the active ester method and the mixed anhydride method, respectively. The products, named as BZB and BGO, were identified through ultraviolet spectrum (UV). A spectrophotometric method using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was performed to estimate hapten to carrier protein ratio. The results showed that the binding rates of BZB and BGO came to 29:1 and 12:1, respectively. Balb/C mice were immunized with BZB and competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated the existence of specific antibodies in the antisera which further verified the success of synthesis.
    22  Preparation, Characterization and Stability of Allyl Isothiocyanate-β-Cyclodextrin Microcapsules
    ZHANG Qing-feng JIANG Zi-tao Zhen Guo-dong
    2012, 28(8):979-981.
    [Abstract](1138) [HTML](0) [PDF 532.78 K](682)
    Abstract:
    The microcapsules of allyl isothiocyanate-β-cyclodextrin were prepared by suspension method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. By ultraviolet spectrometry, the content of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in the microcapsules was determined as 4.38%. After embedding, because of the space hinder of β-cyclodextrin, the retention rate of AITC was 17.0% when stored 48 h under 85 ℃. The control sample volatilized within 3 h. The AITC content kept constant when stored at room temperature for 14 d.
    23  Protoplast Mutation Breeding of Aspergillus oryzae Strain with Glucose Metablic Inhibition and its Fermentation Properties
    ZHAO Li-yun
    2012, 28(8):982-985.
    [Abstract](857) [HTML](0) [PDF 458.01 K](771)
    Abstract:
    Aspergillus oryzae A2.104 was used as the original strain for its stronger 2-DG résistance. A2.104-166 was obtained as glucose metabolic inhibition mutant by protoplast mutation breeding. A bench-scale soy sauce brewing experiment showed that both protease and glutaminase activities of the strain A2.104-166 improved and carbohydrate consumption decreased by 33%. The ratios of total sugar to total nitrogen, glutamate nitrogen to nitrogen and free amino nitrogen to total nitrogen of the souce fermented by the mutant were higher than those by the original strain. Sensory evaluation results showed that the soy sauce brewed by A2.104-166 had lighter salty taste but stronger sweet and umami tastes.
    24  Optimization of the Solid State Fermentation Conditions for Tannase Production by Aspergillus niger using Response Surface Method
    BAO Yu-xin QIU Shu-yi
    2012, 28(8):986-989.
    [Abstract](786) [HTML](0) [PDF 485.04 K](616)
    Abstract:
    To obtain the best producing tannase medium and culture conditions, three key factors influencing the tannase production in solid fermentation were determined by single factor experimen and then response surface methods were applied., Results showed that the optimum conditions for the solid fermentation by Aspergillus niger were: gallnut content 9%; nitrogen source 2.3% and temperature 32 ℃, under which the enzyme activity was 219.4 U/mL.
    25  Development of a Directed Vat Set Starter of Lactic Acid Bacteria
    FANG Yi-chuan YANG Hong-kun HE Qian HAN Xiao LIU Bin-jie LI Shi-yun YANG Yi-heng HU Wen-feng
    2012, 28(8):990-994.
    [Abstract](1054) [HTML](0) [PDF 500.73 K](674)
    Abstract:
    A Directed Vat Set (DVS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was developed for the fermentation and production of fermented soft drink and animal feed. Lactobacillus acidophilus LH1F was used as test strain. The cultural media for the L. acidophilus LH1F growth and the ingredients of anti-freeze protectants for lyophilization of LAB cells were optimized by orthogonal tests. The highest cell concentration of 4.25×1010 CFU/mL was found using tomato juice enrichment medium. The optimized anti-freeze protectants recipe contained skimmed milk powder 2.5%, glycerol 1%, glucose 2.5%, sucrose 1% and Vitamine C 2.5%. After 6 hours lyophilization, the number of viable LAB cells of DVS was about 1.27×1012 CFU/g. The cell number still maintained 3×1010 CFU/g after three months preservation at 4 ?C.
    26  Production of Dietary Fiber from Durian Shell
    LI Jia-zhou
    2012, 28(8):995-997.
    [Abstract](943) [HTML](0) [PDF 369.18 K](595)
    Abstract:
    With Durian shell as material, dietary fiber was produced via fermentation with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. With single factor experiments and central design experiments, the optimal process conditions were determined as follows: inoculation amount 10.5%, fermentation time 22.0 h and fermentation temperature 38.3 ℃. Under these conditions, the highest productivity (29.50%) could be achieved.
    27  Research on Extraction Technology of Flavonoid from Ginger Peel
    XU Qing-ling ZHOU Yong-qiang ZHAN Yu ZENG Qing-zhu
    2012, 28(8):998-1001.
    [Abstract](954) [HTML](0) [PDF 368.34 K](616)
    Abstract:
    The extraction technology of ginger flavonoid from ginger peel with alcohol soaking was studied in this paper. The optimal extraction technological conditions of ginger flavonoid were obtained by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of ginger flavones were alcohol concentration75%, temperature 60 ℃, ratio of materials to solvent 1:45 and extracting times 5.5 h, under which the yield of ginger flavonoid reached 0.61%.
    28  Optimization of the Medium for Production of Neutral Protease and Research of the Enzymatic Properties
    WANG Jun SU Guo-wan ZHAO Mou-ming
    2012, 28(8):1002-1006.
    [Abstract](782) [HTML](0) [PDF 530.84 K](723)
    Abstract:
    Response surface analysis was applied to optimize the medium for production of neutral protease. The result showed that the optimum medium formula compositions were flour 2.24 g, peanut meal 8.46 g and calcium chloride 0.028 g, under which the neutral protease activity was up to 15559.40 U/g. The optimum pH and temperature for neutral protease were 7.0 and 50 ℃, respectively. The protease was stable at pH 5.0~7.0 and at 40~55 ℃. The tested metal ions did not significantly activate the protease, while the ions Ba2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ strongly inhabited its activity.
    29  Optimization of Processing Technology of Double Protein Cheese by Response Surface Method
    WAN Jun JIANG Ai-min QU Zhi TAN Shu-jun YIN Kai-dan
    2012, 28(8):1013-1017.
    [Abstract](837) [HTML](0) [PDF 510.21 K](718)
    Abstract:
    According to Box-Behnken center combination experimental design principle, second multiple regression models were established using curd effect as response, and the effectiveness of the model was verified. The results showed that the best processing conditions for double protein cheese production were as follows: 20% (V/V) soybean milk, 0.04% calcium chloride, 0.02% curd enzyme and curd temperature 32 ℃, under which the highest yield of curd effect reached with estimated value and verified value being of 87.67 and 88.00, respectively.
    30  Screening of the Main Influencial Factors for Oil Extraction from Sliybum maruianum Kernel by Aqueous Process
    XU De-feng SUN Li-jun WANG Ya-ling LIU Huan-ming ZHANG Wei-ming
    2012, 28(8):1018-1020.
    [Abstract](885) [HTML](0) [PDF 459.99 K](705)
    Abstract:
    Aqueous extraction is a novel and green oil extraction but the oil yield is affected by many factors. The object of this research was to investigate main factors showing positive and significant effect on oil extraction using statistical method. The result showed that the order of four investigated factors was: ultrasound time > extraction temperature > extraction time > centrifugal speed. This research provided a basis for further optimization of oil extraction in Sliybum maruianum’s kernel.
    31  Industrialized Culture Medium of Phaffia rhodozyma for Astaxanthin Production
    WANG Hong-tao XU Xue-ming JIN Zheng-yu
    2012, 28(8):1021-1024.
    [Abstract](846) [HTML](0) [PDF 472.76 K](632)
    Abstract:
    In order to further reduce the cost of medium and promote industrialized production,industrialized culture medium of Phaffia rhodozyma for astaxanthin synthesis was studied on the base of pre-optimized culture medium,using cheaper corn flour,corn starch and tomato starch hydrolyzate instead of glucose as carbon source. Shake flask culture and 10 liter fermentor culture were used with the mutant 269 of Phaffia rhodozyma. Results showed that corn starch hydrolyzate could instead glucose as carbon source in the industrialized production of astaxanthin. The optimal hydrolyzed conditions of corn starch were as follows: the concentration of corn starch paste 30% , the concentration of α-amylase 25 U/g starch, the concentration of saccharifying enzyme 200 U/g starch and the saccharifying time 4 hours , under which the cost of culture media could be decrease significantly.
    32  Application of Protease Complex in the Production of Chaozhou Brine Goose
    CHEN Yu GUO Zhuo-zhao GUO Mei-yuan GUO Yi-Chun YANG Man HUANG Miao-yun
    2012, 28(8):1025-1027.
    [Abstract](989) [HTML](0) [PDF 394.86 K](644)
    Abstract:
    This paper described the application of protease complex in the traditional Chaozhou brine goose, by analysis of the change of shearing force after dealing by papain, trypsin and mixed proteases. The optional conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments as follows: trypsin in mixed proteases 2000 U/kg, papain in mixed proteases 1000 U/kg, temperature 20 ℃and time 30 min. The brine goose had a glossy garnet red color, and the meat showed a delicious and elastic taste with rich flavor.
    33  Decoloring Process of Polysaccharide Extracted from Plantago asiatica L
    LIAO Chun-yan HUANG Min HUANG Yao YANG Yuan-ping
    2012, 28(8):1028-1030.
    [Abstract](946) [HTML](0) [PDF 447.40 K](777)
    Abstract:
    The decoloring methods with active carbon and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were compared for polysaccharide extracted from Plantago asiatica L was decolored by analyzing the decoloration rate and polysaccharide retention rate. The results showed that the best conditions for decoloration with active carbon were: 0.75% active carbon, decoloring temperature 60 ℃ and treatment time 30min, under which the decolorization rate was 76.22% and the polysaccharide retention rate was 65.31%. The best conditions for AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows: the elution solvent 3 BV (1 BV=20 mL), flow rate 2 mL/min, and pH of polysaccharide solution 8.0, under which the decolorization rate was 79.78% and the polysaccharide retention rate was 89.76%. The decoloration with macroporous adsorption resin was better than that with active carbon.
    34  Development of a Beet Juice Sports Beverage
    ZHANG Mei-na ZHENG Xi-qun LIU Xiao-lan LI Xiang
    2012, 28(8):1031-1034.
    [Abstract](929) [HTML](0) [PDF 555.79 K](665)
    Abstract:
    In this study, some functional components of the beet juice were analyzed and the beet juice sports drink was developed. Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum formula of the beverage was determined as follows : beet juice 2.8%, CMC-Na 0.1%, salt 0.1%, citric acid 0.07%, sugar 3.46% , glucose 0.87%, β-cyclodextrin 0.15% and ascorbic acid 0.07%. The product tasted moderate and had good stability. The physicochemical and microbiological indicators of the product accorded with the requirements of the sports drink.
    35  Procesing Technology of Pickled and Fermented Air-drying Duck
    XU Hai-xiang YANG Shi-zhang SHI Shuai WU Ming-liang
    2012, 28(8):1035-1039.
    [Abstract](897) [HTML](0) [PDF 487.12 K](728)
    Abstract:
    Complex microbial agents were studied for air-drying duck in this experiment. Conditions of the best curing for the duck were determined according to orthogonal design. The curing parameters were salt 8%, sucrose 3%, compound condiment (chinese prickly ash-illicium verum ratio, 1:1) 1.5% and curing hours 12 h. The best fermentation conditions of fermented salted duck were studied with single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment design successively. The experimental results showed that the best proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Micrococcus varians, Dabaryanyces hansenula was 1:2:1:2. The optimum inoculation amount of complex microbial agents, fermentation temperature and time were 1.5%, 22 ℃ and 73 h, respectively. Under these conditions, the air-drying duck is processed with pH of 5.18 and N content of amino acid being of 0.75%.
    36  Extraction and Purification of Oat Peptides
    CUI Bing-qun
    2012, 28(8):1040-1042.
    [Abstract](865) [HTML](0) [PDF 384.51 K](667)
    Abstract:
    Oat bran peptiedes were using enzyme technology with the method of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. Alkaline protease was found as the best enzyme and the optimum extration conditions were determined as: the ratio of water to materials 18:1,temperature 50 0C, and ,the enzyme dosage 1.0%. After verification, oat peptide extraction rate of this process reached 18.9%. The purity of polypeptide after membrane filtration purification up to 87.4%.
    37  Prevention of Sugar Crystals of Preserved Fruit by Re-cooking in Syrup
    LIU Yan SU Xin-guo WANG Er-mao HUANG Guo-ping ZHONG Cai-yun CHEN Li-bin
    2012, 28(8):1043-1045.
    [Abstract](1566) [HTML](0) [PDF 418.04 K](642)
    Abstract:
    Using orthogonal experiment, the effects of the proportion of water, material and the amount of added sugar and heating time on the re-cooked preserved fruit were determined, The best sugar-crystal prevention processing parameters were determined by sensory evaluation as: the material to water tatio 1:8, the syrup concentration 25%, boiling water bath treatment time 60 minutes.
    38  Optimization of the Fermentation Medium of Cecropins Production
    QIN Peng ZHAO Pei-jing LIANG Shu-wa MING Fei-ping ZHANG Yi-jing
    2012, 28(8):1046-1048.
    [Abstract](853) [HTML](0) [PDF 420.70 K](609)
    Abstract:
    The fermentation medium of a cecropin-produntion strain KJ02 were studied and optimized by orthogonal test. The optimal components for fermentation medium were glucose 3%, peptone 1%,yeast extract2% and NaCl 0.5%. With the optimal medium, the cecropin efficiency in 500 L fermentator was up to 13651 IU/mL.
    39  Optimization of the Fermentation Medium of a L-lysine-producing Strain by Response Surface Methodology
    ZHOU Xu-bo ZHUANG Chu-zhou
    2012, 28(8):1049-1053.
    [Abstract](837) [HTML](0) [PDF 509.00 K](651)
    Abstract:
    The fermentation medium of a L-lysine producing strain Brevibacterium flavum HXL109 to improve the L-lysine production was optimizd. With the software Design Expert, a response surface model was established using the Box-Behnken design(BBD). The effects of glucose, (NH4)2SO4, soybean cake hydrolysate , KH2PO4?3H2O , MgSO4?7H2O, FeSO4?7H2O and MnSO4?H2O on L-lysine yield were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum conditions for HXL109 to produce L-lysine were as follows: glucose 89.48g/L, soybean cake hydrolysate 30.77g/L, (NH4)2SO4 20.89g/L and KH2PO4?3H2O 4.5g/L. Under these conditions, the result of confirmatory experiment (142.65g/L) was in good agreement with the predicted value (143.67g/L). A comparison study showed that the established regression model had good effectiveness in optimizing the fermentation medium of a L-lysine producing strain.
    40  Isolation, Purification and Molecular Weight Determination of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris
    HUANG Yi-cheng CHEN Xue-xiang HE Li-ping CHEN Shu-min HUA Yang-lin CHEN Qi CAO Yong
    2012, 28(8):1054-1057.
    [Abstract](1216) [HTML](0) [PDF 452.76 K](759)
    Abstract:
    Crude polysaccharides (CP) were extracted from dried fruits of Cordyceps militaris (L.ex Fr) Link. through sequential steps of hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and zinc sulfate deproteination. It was fractionated by membrane separation, purified by DEAE-cellulose-52 exchange chromatography and further purification by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Their molecular weights were determined using high performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) in order to characterize molecular weight distribution. The results showed that CP2-c2-s2 was a homogeneous polysaccharide with average molecular weight of 20200 Da, which could be obtained through aforementioned isolation and purification.
    41  Application of Chemical Sweeteners in Chaoshan Preserved Fruit
    GUO Zhuo-zhao CHEN Yu GUO Mei-yuan GUO Yi-Chun HUANG Miao-yun YANG Man
    2012, 28(8):1058-1060.
    [Abstract](942) [HTML](0) [PDF 331.49 K](705)
    Abstract:
    Several common chemical sweeteners were discussed and the close relationship between chemical sweeteners and Chaoshan preserved industrial development were analyzed. The optimization of sweeteners with high sweetness not only could cover shortcomings from a single sweetener, but also increase sweetness and reduce dosage to reduce costs. Diversify tastes was considered as an inevitable trend of Chaoshan preserved fruit development, In addition, healthy consumption concept should be promoted for Chaoshan preserved fruits.
    42  Analysis of Sampling Inspection for Food Quality and Safety in Hunan Province
    CHEN Hong-mei ZHANG Bin
    2012, 28(8):1061-1063.
    [Abstract](1015) [HTML](0) [PDF 438.47 K](672)
    Abstract:
    According to periodic sampling data of adminstrative districts food production and processing enterprises in 2011 by Hunan Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the unqualified batch number and the total sample batches were statistical analyzed in this paper. The statistical results showed that the average pass rate of the food sampled from the whole province in 2011 was 94.01%. The pass rate of food sampled from adminstrative districts varied significantly. For the detected traditional foods of Hunan province, the total number of colonies exceeded the limits and the excessive and illegal use of food additives were also found.
    43  Toxicological Evaluation of Enzymatically-Hydrolyzed Borojoa Concentrated Powder
    YANG Ying JIAO Hong CHEN Rui-yi LI Qing HUANG Jun-ming WANG Feng-yan CHEN Mei-fen CHEN Xiu-juan
    2012, 28(8):1064-1068.
    [Abstract](951) [HTML](0) [PDF 485.36 K](709)
    Abstract:
    The safety of enzymatically treated Borojo concentrated powder was evaluated through animal experiments, including acute toxicity test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, sperm shape abnormality test in mice and 30-day feeding study. Results showed that the oral acute toxicity LD50 of male and female mice was above 21.5g/kg?bw. Enzymatically treated Borojo concentrated powder was nontoxic substances based on the acute toxicity grading. The mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test results showed no significant differences with the control group. The 30-day feeding study in rats showed that the weight gain, food utilization, the ratio of dirty and body, hematologic and blood biochemical index of the animals in each dose group had no significant differences with the control group. The pathological examination showed little obvious toxic pathological changes in major organs. The enzyamtically treated Borojo concentrated powder was considered as a safe food.
    44  Measurement and Safety Evaluation of Nitrite and Nitrate in Winter Tunnel Vegetables of Qingdao
    ZHANG Shuang-ling SUN Ping FU Fang-ying
    2012, 28(8):1069-1072.
    [Abstract](1003) [HTML](0) [PDF 442.92 K](664)
    Abstract:
    Griess reagent-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method was used to determine the contents of nitrite and nitrate in 217 winter vegetable samples which sold in Qingdao. Results showed that nitrate contamination in leaf vegetables was more serious than other samples. Most samples were at the levels of light and moderate nitrite contamination. It can give theoretical basis and data support to the vegetables consumption to local residents.
    45  Analysis of the Nutritional Components of Corn Cobs
    CHEN Jia-ming YU Wen-wen WU Hui WU Di-di LAI Fu-rao
    2012, 28(8):1073-1075.
    [Abstract](1802) [HTML](0) [PDF 422.51 K](1266)
    Abstract:
    In this paper, the contents of nutritional components of four kinds of commercially available corn cobs were analyzed, including yellow sweet corns, yellow with white corns, sticky white corns and purple with white sticky corns. It was found that fiber and starch were the main components of the corn cobs. Raw sweet corn cob containsed the highest content of cellulose, up to 0.3 g/g. The starch in waxy corn cob was about twice higher than non-waxy type, but 50% starch was lost after gelatinization. The highest content of polyohenol was more than 1.34% while about 0.05 mg polyphenol can be acquired for only 1 g cooked corn cob. All the tested corn cob had a similar amino acid composition. Among the amino acids, the glutamic acid and proline had the highest content while methioninetyrosine content was the lowest. In addition, the cooked sweet corn cob contained the highest content of total amino acids, up to 14.94 mg/g containing 31.88% essential amino acids. Corn cob was also rich in mineral elements, in which Cu showed the highest content (5.61~24.23 mg/g), followed by element K and Mg.
    46  Application Study on Determination of Trace Elements in Bee Pollens by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
    WEN Li-li REN Lu-lu GUO Xin-dong LUO Dong-hui WU Wen-hai WANG Bin KE Zhen-hua
    2012, 28(8):1076-1079.
    [Abstract](923) [HTML](0) [PDF 438.41 K](643)
    Abstract:
    A method was established to determination of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb in bee pollens. After microwave digestion, the samples were determined directly by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Under the optimal conditions,the calibration curves for 21 trace elements were linear in the range of 0~10 μg/mL with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999. The quantization limit of the method were ranged from 0.029 ng/g to 148.3 ng/g with RSD of 0.6%~4.6% (n=6).The mean recoveries of 21 trace elements from spiked samples at the spiking levels of 0.002~3000 μg/g were ranged from 91.7% to 110%. Results showed that the 21 trace elements values detected were in good agreement with the corresponding certified reference values inbee pollen (GSB-17), the degree of consistency were 91.2% to 115.3%. The proposed method is fast, simple, sensitive and accurate, which can meet the demand for determining 21 trace elements in bee pollens.
    47  Detemination of 34 Pesiticide Residues in Tea by GC-MS with Carb/PSA Solid-phase Extraction
    CHEN Jian-hang YE Yu-fei ZHANG Shao-feng LIANG Zhi-gang YIN Xiao-fei WU Chun-mei
    2012, 28(8):1080-1083.
    [Abstract](974) [HTML](0) [PDF 555.91 K](808)
    Abstract:
    A multiresidue analytical method was developed for the determination of 34 pesticide residues in tea using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and cleaned up by Carb/PSA solid phase extraction(SPE) columns. The results of the spiked level test showed that the average recovery of 34 pesticides ranged from 70% to 124% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.2%~14.9%. The limits of detection were 0.1~25.0 μg/kg. The sensitivity and accuracy meet the requirements of the multiple pesticide residue analysis.
    48  Determination of Aluminum and Boron in Livestock Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
    YE Jia-rong LUO Xiao-yin GUO Xin-dong XIAN Yan-ping LUO Hai-ying LUO Dong-hui WU Yu-luan
    2012, 28(8):1084-1087.
    [Abstract](863) [HTML](0) [PDF 466.34 K](655)
    Abstract:
    A method was established to determination of Aluminum (Al) and Boron (B) in livestock products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After microwave digestion in HNO3 + H2O2 + H2O, the samples were determined directly by ICP-MS. The signal drift and matrix effect can be corrected by selecting Sc and Li as internal standard elements and the influence of mass spectral interference can be calibrated by optimizing the instrument conditions, the good linear relationships, recoveries and precisions were obtained. The calibration curves for Al and B were linear in the range of 0~2.0 μg/mL with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999. The quantization limit of Al and B of the method were 70.5 ng/g and 30.5 ng/g with RSD of 1.35% and 2.01% (n=6), respectively. The mean recoveries of Al and B from five spiked samples (Beef, Pig liver, Pig stomach, beef shutters, Chicken) at the spiking levels of 0.3~3.2 μg/g were ranged from 90.5% to 107.2%. Results showed that the Al and B values detected were in good agreement with the corresponding certified reference values chicken. The proposed method is fast, simple, sensitive and accurate, which can meet the demand for determining Al and B elements in livestock products.
    49  Determination of 18 Organic Phosphorus and Pyrthroid Pesticides in Dried Vegetables using Solid-phase Extraction and On-line Gel Permeation Chromatography-GC/MS
    XUE Li ZHONG Yan-mei
    2012, 28(8):1088-1090.
    [Abstract](803) [HTML](0) [PDF 442.46 K](750)
    Abstract:
    An on-line gel permeation chromatography-GC/MS analytical method was developed for the determination of 18 organic phosphorus pesticide and pyrethroid pesticides in dried vegetables.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile by means of ultrasonic high-speed homogenization, cleaned up by an ENVI-Carb solid phase extraction column to remove pigment in the sample and analyzed by on-line gel permeation chromatography-GC/MS. All the compounds demonstrated good linear relationship in the range of 0.02~0.5 mg/kg. The recoveries for the most of pestive standards of 0.4 mg/kg were 80%-130% and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The limits of detection were from 0.001 mg/kg to 0.026 mg/kg. The method was rapid, accurate and highly sensitive, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in dried vegetables.
    50  Determination of Chromium VI in the Gelatin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
    LUO Dong-hui LUO Hai-ying WU Wen-hai XIAN Yan-ping GUO Xin-dong CHEN Yi-guang WU Yu-luan
    2012, 28(8):1091-1093.
    [Abstract](830) [HTML](0) [PDF 430.41 K](626)
    Abstract:
    A method for determination of chromium VI in the gelatin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography was developed. Chromium VI was extracted by dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer. After filtered, Chromium VI reacted with Diphenylcarbazide to form purple complex. HPLC was applied to the separation and purification of target compound for effectively reducing the disturbance, and the chromiumVI content can be detected selectively by the UV detector. The quantification limit of this method was 0.8 mg/kg. The recovery of chromium VI in gelatin was above 75% in the range of 0.8-50.0 mg/kg. Results indicated that the accuracy and precision met the requirements of the determination of chromium VI content in gelatin.
    51  Reviews of Application of Fat Oxidation Control Technology in the Cantonese Sausage Production
    ZENG Xiao-fang LU Chang-hai CHEN Yao BAI Wei-dong
    2012, 28(8):1094-1097.
    [Abstract](1061) [HTML](0) [PDF 489.51 K](671)
    Abstract:
    Fat oxidation plays an important role in production in the cantonese sausage. Appropriate oxidation is the main way which the formation of characteristic flavors. But excessive oxidation is the important factor of metamorphism. This paper firstly discussed the mechanism of the sausage oxidation rancidity. Then fat antioxidation control technology was reviewed to improve the performance of the sausage antioxidation considering the production process control, antioxidant addition and packaging technology. The directions of fat oxidation control technology in Cantonese Style Sausage were also prospected.
    52  Extraction and Anti-oxidant Activity Evaluation of Polyphenol from Hempseed Hull
    LI Xiao-hui LIU Hai-jie CHEN Tian-peng HE Jin-feng
    2012, 28(8):1107-1012.
    [Abstract](1184) [HTML](0) [PDF 635.87 K](829)
    Abstract:
    Hempseed hull, a by-product in hempseed oil processing, is rich in antioxidants. In this study, the conditions of polyphenol extraction from hempseed hull by ultrasonic were optimized on base of yield, and in vitro antioxidant properties of the extract were evaluated. Solvent extraction and macroporous resin absorption were employed in polyphenol separation. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1:10, extraction time 30 min, extraction times 3 times and ethonal concentration 60%. HPD-600 was determined as the optimal macroporous resins for hempseed hull antioxidant polyphenol extraction and elunet by 40% ethanol was the target extract with the highest antioxidant activity and yield. The extract presented significant protective capacities of human low density lipoprotein (LDL), protein, and DNA against oxidation evaluated by electrophoresis. The hempseed hull extract was valuable in antioxidant properties and can be utilized as a natural antioxidant dietary supplement.

    Editor in chief:李琳

    Inauguration:现代食品科技

    International standard number:ISSN 1673-9078

    Unified domestic issue:CN 44-1620/TS

    Domestic postal code:46-349

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