Abstract:In this study, 70% polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (Berk.) Berk. were chemically modified via sulfation and was renamed as SPS70 (Cordyceps gunnii 70% sulfated polysaccharides). The structure, property and bioactivity of SPS70 were subsequently investigated. Infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that SPS70 possessed sulfate groups. After modification, the neutral polysaccharides were turn into acidic polysaccharides. After purification by DEAE-sephadex A-25, the purity of SPS70 reached 92.72% and GPC anlysis showed that its molecular weight was of approximately 8490 Da. Anti-oxidation analysis revealed that the radical scavenging ability of SPS70 towards superoxide anion increased when increasing the final concentration of the polysaccharide. And the maximum hydroxyl and DPPH scavenging properties were abstained when SPS70 concentration was of 2.5 mg/mL, being of 71.23% and 64.12%, respectively.

Abstract:A bacterial strain with a high ability of inhibiting alternaria rot disease on pear was isolated from the pear fruits and orchard soil collected from different area across China with in vitro and in vivo methods. By morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization and the analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence, this strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis J18. Pretreatment with 108 CFU/mL cell suspension of B. subtilis J18 for 30s could decrease the incidence of alternaria rot on pear to 16.6% after inoculation with pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissler. Supplement with salicylic acid, CaCl2 and chitosan resulted in a significant increase in biocontrol effect of B. subtilis J18. It also showed that the biocontrol effect of B. subtilis J18 on pear alternaria rot could reach up to 72.81% and 77.07% when combined with 2% CaCl2 and 1% chitosan, respectively. These results revealed a potential application B. subtilis J18 as an antagonist for controlling the fruit postharvest diseases.

Abstract:The chitosan nano-SiO2 composite membrane was prepared and its CO2 permeability was studied for fresh-keeping strawberries. The results showed that the best contents of chitosan, nano-TiO2, and glacial acetic acid were 2 g, 0.07 g, and 1.4mL, respectively. The CO2 permeability of the optimized membrane was 0.0909 g/d. After stored for 6 days at room temperature, strawberries coated with the optimized membrane had lower decay index by 5.1% than that uncoated with membrane. After 11-day storage at 4 ℃, the decay index of strawberries was 23.9% lower than that of the strawberries without coating with membrane. The result proved that the storage period of strawberries was prolonged at room temperature and low temperature by coating with optimized membrane.

Abstract:Proximate analysis, amino acid, nutritional value and textural properties in different parts of caidiao tilapia and common tilapia were analyzed to evaluate the nutrition and texture of two tilapias. The highest protein content, essential amino acids (EAA) content, chemical score (CS), essential amino acid index (EAAI) and amino acid score (AAS) were found in dorsal position of two tilapias than in ventral and tail position, indicating that the dorsal part of tilapias was the most suitable for the human body as a nutritional supplement. The protein content and EAA content of caidiao tilapia were higher than those of common tilapia. More importantly, the seven EAA contents were higher than FAO/WHO pattern, except methionine and cystine. And AAS and EAAI of caidiao tilapia were higher than those of common tilapia. In addition, the hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience of caidiao tilapia were higher than those of common tilapia, which indicated that the total textural characteristics of caidiao tilapia were better than those of common tilapia.

Abstract:To approach the protective effects of Huangbanmingmu capsule on retinal photoreceptor damage of rats induced by N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), 43-day-old female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model control group and Huangbanmingmu Capsule group. Huangbanmingmu capsule was intragastricly administrated into rats of Capsule group twice one day for continuous 7 days. For Control group and model group, equal water was used. SD rats in 7 days after treatment received a single injection of 40 mg·kg-1 MNU in model group and Huangbanmingmu Cap sule group, ip; while control group was given equal normal saline. Change of a wave and b wave of electroretinogram (ERG) were observed in 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after MNU injection. The rats were killed in 7 days after MNU treatment. Retinal full-thickness and outer nuclear layer thickness were determined. Results showed that the difference of the average amplitude of ERG a-wave and b-wave was not significant at different time in control group( P＞0.05). And the average amplitude of ERG a-wave and b-wave gradually decreased after MNU treatment in model group. Huangbanmingmu capsule could evidently inhibit lose of a-wave and b-wave, P＜0.05. Ocular pathology showed that the retinal photoreceptor damage of rats induced by MNU was obviously relieved in Huangbanmingmu Capsule group, compared with model control group (P＜0.05）.

Abstract:The antimicrobial action of Pyrola calliantha extracts (PCB) against a series of microbe was studied. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of PCB varies with the pathogenetic microbes. The minimum antimicrobial dosages of PCB for different microbes were as follows: 5% for Staphylococcus aureus; 20% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10% for Escherichia coli, 10% for Rhizopus, 20% for Penicillium. The more the concentration of PCB, the higher the antimicrobial activity was. It was also proved that PCB had moderate thermo-stability and the addition of sugar or salt can improve the antimicrobial activity. Besides, the longer the action time of PCB with the same concentration will bring higher inhibition rate.

Abstract:The antimicrobial effect of pure polysaccharide from walnut kernel pellicle (WKPP-70-1-1) with different concentration on E.coli was studied and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as 400 μg/mL. Analysis of growth curve of E.coli effected by MIC of WKPP-70-1-1 showed that WKPP-70-1-1can inhibit the growth of E.coli, especially the logarithm phase of E.coli. After a certain time, the inhibition effect of WKPP-70-1-1 might disappear. The morphology of E.coli treated by WKPP-70-1-1 was observed by Atomic force microscopy and the results showed that smooth and no-wrinkle E.coli became wrinkles, rough, loss of the rules of morphology.

Abstract:The vegetables are cleaned with the low-power ultrasonic at 30 ℃ for different time (10minites, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25minites and 30minites). The total counts of bacteria and E.coil were determined and the physical and chemical indicators were also measured. Ultrasonic Cleaning for 10minute showed high bacterial-eliminating rate and little mechanical damage to Vc, which was suitable for fresh-keeping of the celery.

Abstract:A bacterial strain HN06 with anti-fungal effect was isolated from the soil in Guangzhou. This stain showed high inhibitory effects on Aspergillus niger, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Cucurbit wilt. It was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by physiological-biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. And the properties of the antifungal substance produced by HN06 were also studied.

Abstract:The physical and chemical properties of tea seed starch as well as the gelation performance of the starch were investigated, including the main components, amylase and amylopectin content, the whiteness, transparency, retrogradation value, retrogradation property, and Brabender viscosity curve. Also, the effects of concentration of starch, pH value, dosage of NaCl and cane sugar on the viscosity of starch paste were studied. This search was used for providing theoretical basis for development of tea seed starch.

Abstract:The biological activity of fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris C19 was examined and the antioxidant activity of the extract from Cordyceps militaris was investigated by using the chemical colorimetry. The experimental results showed that the extract from C19 fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris had potent reducing power. When the concentration of the extract was 0.12%, its scavenging effect on DPPH· reached (49.74±1.83)%, and its inhibitory effect on the generation of MDA was (88.67±2.59)%. When the concentration of the extract was 0.6%, its scavenging effect on O2-· reached (83.22±3.07)%. And its scavenging effect on ·OH reached (69.59±2.24)% with its concentration being of 1%. It was indicated that the C19 fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris was a potential natural antioxidant.

Abstract:Texture is the key factors which will influence the quality of meatballs. This research is mainly on the correlative analysis between sensory and instrumental measurement of meatballs’ texture to find a reasonable way for texture measurement. Ten normal commercial meatballs were collected. Texture profile analysis with twelve trained panelists was used to determine and compare the sensory characteristics of samples, and TPA (Texture Profile Analysis) was used as instrumental methodology. PCA (Principal component analysis) was used to extract three principal sensory components. The sensory data of the ten meatballs was significantly different (p<0.05). Correlation Analysis indicated that there were widespread correlation among sensory attributes (r=-0.703~0.961), and the instrumental parameters hardness was notably correlated with sensory texture attributes. Stepwise regression analysis was used to generate prediction equations with the parameters of TPA as independent variables, and the data of principal sensory attributes as dependent variable. The prediction equations of sensory hardness, cohesiveness and juiciness were of significance in statistics.

Abstract:Ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha was studied and the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), based on a Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ratio of liquid to solid 54.81:1, ultrasonic power 531.17 W, extraction time 272 s. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 17.42%, which was closed to the predictive yield. The extraction method showed higher extraction rate but lower extraction time than traditional hot-water extraction, which can be used for the extraction of Enteromorpha polysaccharides.

Abstract:D-Glucono delta-lactone was produced from D-Gluconic acid using molecular sieve MCM-41 as catalyst. Effects of various factors on D-Glucono delta-lactone yield, including reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage and recycling index of molecular sieve MCM-41, were discussed. Experimental results showed that molecular sieve MCM-41 was a better catalyst for preparation of D-Glucono delta-lactone. The optimum reaction condition was obtained as follow: catalyst dosage 30%, reaction temperature 80 ℃, and reaction time 2 h, under which D-Glucono delta-lactone yield was as high as 90.39%.

Abstract:The camellia saponin was extracted from the camellia cake and its decontamination effects on dirty cloth were studied. The camellia extracts could well remove sebum dirt in the cloth and its decontamination effect can be enhanced when blended with other surfactants. So the cake extracting solution was an ideal nature material for preparation of environmental-friendly liquid detergent.

Abstract:The salt content, the moisture content, water activity, sensory evaluation and color of instant shrimp were determined during the brining and drying treatments, to investigate the effects of brining and drying on the quality of instant shrimp. The results showed that the moisture content and salt content of the shrimp were significantly changed when the salt solution was over 2% by vacuum brining method. The best brining regents and time were determined as 6% salt solution and 1.5 h, respectively. And the best drying technology were found as follows: drying the pickled shrimp at 80 ℃ until no water was detected at the product surface and then re-drying it at 65 ℃until the water content was down to 60%.

Abstract:Fermentation of glutathione was studied through the ways of batch fermentation and fed-batch fermentation by YF（ZnCl2r，Ethr）, a test strain, which is mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results show that the optimal fermentation condition: culture temperature 30 ℃, pH 6.0, inoculation 20%，rotate speed 150 r/min，ventilation 250 L/h. The effects of shake-flask culture and fermentor culture on GSH synthesis were studied in fed-batch fermentation. Conditions for the shake-flask culture methods are: initial sugar 10 g/L, fermentation at 4 h, 10 h, 16 h, 22 h, 28 h, respectively, glucose 25 g/L, 15 g/L, 5 g/L, 5 gL, 5 g/L added in fermentation solution, the final total glucose reached 65 g/L, the maximum cell dry weight reached 12.75 g/L, and the maximum GSH concentration and intracellular GSH content reached 76.49 mg/L and 0.59% respectively. The conditions for fermentor culture methods are: initial sugar 20 g/L, 12 h fermentation of sugar begans to fill up to 24 h, the final total glucose reached 160 g/L, the maximum cell dry weight reached 30.95 g/L, the maximum GSH concentration and intracellular GSH content were 68.49 mg/L and 0.3% respectively.

Abstract:The pretreatment of yeast wastewater were studied by activated sludge flocculation combined with Ca(OH)2 flocculation in this paper. The results showed that activated sludge flocculation played a role in regulating pH and diluting influent concentration. Ca(OH)2 flocculation can regulate pH (from 3.84 to 7.30) and remove SO42- (23.5%~30.1%). The best Ca(OH)2 dosage was 1.0 g/L, with which the sulfate can be reduced to 29.1%.

Abstract:The extraction of glycosaminoglycan from the whole viscera of the Sanguinolaria acuta was studied by single factor experiment. And the extracts was preliminarily purified and identified by electrophoresis. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic extraction of glycosaminoglycan from Sanguinolaria acuta were determined as follows: papain dosage 0.6%, subtilisin dosage 0.79%, the ratio of purified water to material 1.0:6, enzymolysis temperature 58 ℃, and enzymolysis time 4 h. Crude glycosaminoghycan (SAG-0) was achieved with the yield of 2.58%. After enzymatic extraction, deproteinization by centrifugation, ethanol precipitation, washing and drying, SAG-0 was achieved with the glycosaminoglycan content of 26.7%. Then SAG-0 was purified by decoloration, isoelectric precipitation, hyperfiltration, ethylalcohol precipitation, washing and drying, giving glycosaminoglycan superfine products (SAG-1) with the yield rate and glycosaminoglycan content being of 1.48% and 40.1%, respectively.

Abstract:The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize the microwave-assisted n-Hexane extraction of essence oil from orange peel. By single factor test, the impacts of extraction time, extraction temperature and the dose of extraction agent on extraction rate of total essence oil from orange peel were investigated. The results showed that the optimal microwave-assisted n-Hexane extraction conditions for essence oil from orange peel were as follows: extracting time 7 min, temperature 57 ℃ and the dose of extraction agent 275 mL. Under those conditions, the maximum value of the extraction rate was up to 2.221%.

Abstract:The extraction of fish bone calcium by vinegar was studied under the atmospheric pressure and high pressure. The results showed that the best acetic acid concentration and the ratio of the fish bone to vinegar solution were 0.9 mol/L and 1:20, respectively, for the extraction either under the atmospheric pressure or the high pressure. For extraction under the atmospheric pressure, the optimum extraction time and temperature were 60 min and 60 ℃, respectively. For that under the high pressure, the best extraction time was 45 min.

Abstract:Four preservatives, EDTA, potassium sorbate, ethylp-hydroxybenzoate and Nisin, were selected from 7 samples through the single factor test, which obviously improved the shelf-life of fish sponge cake. The best combination of the four preservatives was obtained through orthogonal test as: 0.03% EDTA, 0.05% potassium sorbate, 0.01% ethylp-hydroxybenzoate and 0.02% Nisin.

Abstract:Yuanzhen sugar was a polysaccharide polymer, containing a certain amount of fructooligosaccharides and being made with a variety of sweet plant extracts with homology of medicine and food. In this paper, a new type of Yuanzhen sugar was made by mixing the raw materials at dry conditions and adopting the low-temperature granulation processes. And the key control points of Yuan Zhen sugar production were determined.

Abstract:The paper discussed the problems in traditional manufacture and production of ice cream. Liquid nitrogen freezing technology was then introduced, including the equipments and the advantage of this technology in ice cream production. Developments in the technology and equipments of liquid nitrogen freezing make it possible to use liquid nitrogen in the industrial production of ice cream. It can improve the quality of ice cream products, enhance the productivity, reduce the productive energy consumption and benefit to environmental protection.

Abstract:Perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have reproductive, mutagenic and developmental toxicity, which are persistent organic pollutants and the most difficult to be degraded. These compounds show both oil and water repellence properties, thus being widely used in textile, leather, paper, etc. It was also found that PFOS and PFOA have unwittingly gotten into our food chain through food packaging materials, threatening food safety and public health. In this reviewed, the characteristics and detection technology of PFOS and PFOA were discussed.

Abstract:Two glycosidically bond flavor precursors 2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl-geranyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (GLY-A) and geranyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (GLY-B) were stereo-synthesized by the modified Koenigs-Knorr reaction. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to monitor the reaction. Silica gel column chromatography was used for separating and purifying the samples.By reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC), the purity of GLY-A and GLY-B were analyzed as 98.2% and 96.0%, respectively. The chromatography technology was suitable for the monitoring of the stereo-synthesis of glycosides in monitoring, separation and analysis, obtained an ideal experimental results.

Abstract:MRM→IDA→EPI→spectral library search model was used to establish a HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the multi-residue detection of fluoroquinolones in pig tissues. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the target analyses were achieved by LC-MS/MS combining with spectral library search function. Tissue samples were extracted with N,N-Dimethylformamide and acetonitrile, purified with Waters HLB column，The analytical method in the present study was well validated and good results were obtained with respect to precision, repeatability and spiked recovery. The limit of detection of residues was 0.1~0.5μg/kg for fluoroquinolones, and with a linear range from 1.0 to 5000 μg/kg. The mean recovery was of 81.6%~114% and RSD was of 1.1%~11.2%.

Abstract:A method for the determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in drinks by HPLC was established. The drinks were extracted with water, separated by HPLC and then detected by photo-diode-array detector. Quantitative analysis was performed with external standard method. The relative standard deviations and recovery range were obtained of 0.58%~1.85% and 80.2%~96.4%, respectively. This simple method was suitable to detect the concentration of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in drinks.

Abstract:A new method for determination of rutin and quercetin contents in buckwheat was developed in this paper. The extracts from buckwheat by Ultrasonic extraction was analyzed on a Shimadzu ODS column（4.6 mm * 150 mm, 5 μm）with a mobile phase of acetonitrile - water (containing 2% glacial acetic acid) for gradient elution at 360nm. And the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The linear ranges of rutin and quercetin concentrations were found within 0.023~1.150 μg (r = 0.9996) and 0.02~0.60 μg (r = 0.9999), respectively. The average recoveryies of rutin and quercetin were 98.5% and 95.8%, respectively. The method was simple, accurate and showed good reproducibility, which was suitable for the determination of rutin and quercetin contents in buckwheat.

Abstract:The contents of domoic acid (DA) poisoning in various aquatic products from South China Sea were detected by HPLC. The samples were firstly purified with LC-SAX (strong anion exchange)-SPE (solid phase extraction) and eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% trifluoroacetate acid (19:81) using external standard method. A good linear range was found within 1-25.0 mg/L (r=1.0). The average recovery was 95.3%. And DA accumulation was detected in nine of the eleven samples. Higher DA accumulation was found in Chlamys farreri and Thalamita crenata, being of 10.113 μg/g and 18.202 μg/g respectively.