Research Progress on the Main Active Components in Different Parts of Sacha Inchi and Their Efficacies and Mechanisms
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Abstract:
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo, also known as South American oil vine) is native to the Peruvian Amazon and widely cultivated in Yunnan, China. Sacha inchi has been recognized as a sustainable crop worldwide, and has been widely used in food and daily necessities, thus has wide application prospects. The main active components in different parts of Sacha inchi vary. Its seeds are rich in active components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, active proteins/peptides and polysaccharides, whilst the leaves and shells of Sacha inchi contain mainly phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. These active components endow Sacha inchi with various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, memory-improving, vision-improving, blood pressure-lowering, and blood lipid-reducing effects. However, there is a lack of systematic summary of the active components and efficacies of different parts of Sacha inchi. This article summarizes the primary active components and efficacies of different parts of Sacha inchi, including seeds, shells, and leaves, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering, blood sugar-reducing, and uric acid-lowering effects of Sacha inchi's active components, in order to provide a scientific foundation for the high-quality development of Sacha inchi industry.
