Extraction and Purification Process Optimization and Activity Assessment of Gentiopicroside
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Abstract:
Whole Gentiana scabra bunge plants were subjected to extraction using an aqueous solvent, combined with heating and stirring, to obtain gentiopicroside. Optimal extraction conditions were determined using a nine-run, four-factor, three-level orthogonal test. The G. scabra bunge extract was purified using an AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin. Optimal purification conditions were determined by single-factor experiments, and the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of gentiopicroside were examined. The optimal extraction process required a solid:solvent ratio of 1:15, extraction temperature of 85 ℃ , stirring extraction duration of 1 h, and three extraction cycles. The extraction yield of gentiopicroside was 88.77%. The purities before and after purification were 5.70% and 13.34%, respectively. The optimal purification process involved a wet resin:medicinal material ratio of 2.5:1, loading liquid concentration of 0.15 g/mL, loading volume of 2.67 BV, loading flow rate of 1 BV/h, volume of 3 BV, and elution flow rate of 2 BV/h for pure water, and a volume of 4 BV and elution flow rate of 3 BV/h for 30% (V/V) ethanol. The corresponding elution rate and purity of gentiopicroside were 82.14% and 50.63%, respectively. The purified gentiopicroside exhibited a scavenging rate of 93.36% for DPPH radical, inhibitory zone diameter of 15.50 mm for Malassezia, and inhibition rates of 97.67%, 93.50%, and 97.03% for NO, TNF-α, and IL-1α, respectively. Gentiopicroside significantly inhibited ear swelling in mice, resulting in a reduction of the ear swelling rate to 126.88%. Using the optimized techniques for gentiopicroside extraction and purification resulted in an increase in the purity of the active substance by approximately 8 fold. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of gentiopicroside were preliminarily assessed. It was speculated that gentiopicroside activity could be enhanced by improving its purity through optimization of the extraction and purification processes. This study clarified that gentiopicroside exhibits excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, establishing a crucial foundation for the rational development and utilization of G. scabra bunge.
