Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Chestnut Shells Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Kinetic Analysis
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Abstract:
A green and efficient method to extract flavonoids from chestnut shells was examined. First, the effects of various single factors on the extraction of total flavonoids from chestnut shells were investigated, and significant influencing factors were identified using the Plackett-Burman experimental design. The conditions for flavonoid extraction were then optimized using response surface methodology, and, based on these optimizations, a kinetic model of the extraction process was established. The results showed that when a deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and ethanol (molar ratio 1:1) was used, the optimal conditions for flavonoid extraction were as follows: an ultrasonic temperature of 40 ℃, an ultrasonic power of 150 W, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), and an ultrasonic time of 60 min. The relative error between the theoretical and actual total flavonoid yields was 1.49%, indicating the reasonableness of the optimized conditions. The linear regression R2 values for the experimental data under these conditions ranged from 0.917 22 to 0.998 4, demonstrating good linear fitting and suggesting that the extraction process conforms to a first-order kinetic model. These findings provide theoretical support for flavonoid extraction from chestnut shells using ultrasound-assisted extraction with deep eutectic solvents and offer a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of chestnut resources.
