Research Progress on the Occurrence and Intervention Effect of Intestinal Microflora and Its Metabolites in Obesity
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Abstract:
Obesity is a major global health problem determined by genetics and environmental factors. More and more evidence shows that gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of obesity. Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of various nutrients such as carbohydrates and lipids in the body, and gut microbiota disorder leads to insulin resistance, adipose tissue accumulation and metabolic abnormalities, causing the occurrence of metabolic diseases, such as high-abundance beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus), can prevent the occurrence of obesity by strengthening the intestinal barrier, improving insulin sensitivity and ameliorating metabolic disorders. Many of these effects are mediated by metabolites produced by the intestinal flora, such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. On the other hand, species such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus can promote the occurrence and development of obesity through harmful metabolites like lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans and trimethylamines. In this paper, the correlation between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, and obesity is reviewed, including Lactobacillus, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacter clocae, as well as the main metabolites of intestinal microbiota. The relationship between intestinal microbiota/ metabolites and obesity is analyzed from the aspects such as microbiota structure, enzymes, cytokines, and signal transduction. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota/its metabolites and obesity, and to provide a scientific reference for future clinical intervention and prevention of obesity.
