Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Seafood from the Coastal Areas of Zhejiang Province
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Abstract:
In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to study the distribution characteristics of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in seafood. A total of 389 samples belonging to 24 species collected from the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province were investigated to examine their PHCZs concentration, o and a preliminary dietary exposure risk assessment was carried out in combination with the consumption of aquatic products by the residents in Zhejiang Province c. The results showed that the detection rates of PHCZs in all the seafood samples were 100%, with the content ranging from 0.43 to 18.44 μg/kg (Wet Weight; ww). The contents of PHCZs varied among the different kinds of sea food products, that is, the mean value of Σ9PHCZs in fish samples, shellfish samples, and molluscs samples were 5.58 μg/kg ww, 3.35 μg/kg ww, and 4.56 μg/kg ww, respectively. In addition, 3,6-bromocarbazole was the monomer with the highest detection rate and concentration in seafood. The risk assessment revealed that the toxic equivalent was lower than the maximum limit set by the European Food Safety Commission, and the dietary exposure values were lower than the acceptable monthly intake set by the Food Additives Commission. Taken together, the toxicity of PHCZs in seafood from the coastal areas of Zhejiang province is relatively low, the risk of dietary exposure is small, and the leve; of PHCZs is generally at a safe level.
