Optimization of the Fermentation Process Using Aspergillus niger to Prepare Proanthocyanidins from Litchi Husks and Their Effects on the Proliferation and Migration of HaCaT Cells
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Abstract:
Aspergillus niger was used to ferment litchi husk, and the effects of fermentation time, inoculum amount and solid-to-solvent ratio on the yield of proanthocyanidins (LPPC) from litchi husk by were investigated, and the process conditions for the fermentation of litchi husk were optimized. The changes in the contents of proanthocyanidins, total polyphenols and total flavonoids and the composition and content of monomeric phenolics in litchi husk before and after fermentation were analyzed. The antioxidant activity of LPPC before and after fermentation and the effect of LPPC on the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells were evaluated. The optimum process conditions determined through single factor experiments combined with the orthogonal test were: fermentation time, 7 days; inoculum amount, 2% (V/V); solidto-solvent ratio 1:10 (g/mL). The yield of LPPC prepared under such process conditions was 3.77% (m/m). Compared with those of the unfermented sample, the contents of procyanidins, total polyphenols and total flavonoids of the fermented litchi husk increased by 112.75%, 53.86% and 73.02%, respectively, the contents of the seven main monomeric phenolics increased significantly, and the antioxidant activity of LPPC as ABTS scavenging capacity and FRAP significantly increased after fermentation. Before and after fermentation at a mass concentration of 10, 20 or 40 μg/mL, LPPC had no effect on the proliferation of HaCaT cells, but significantly promoted cell migration, with the cell migration rate for the LPPC after fermentation increasing by 7.89%, 40.89% and 75.37%, respectively, compared with that for the unfermented sample. Therefore, the fermentation with Aspergillus niger can significantly increase the content of proanthocyanidins from litchi husk, thereby increasing the antioxidant capacity and promoting wound healing by keratinocytes. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the application of LPPC in epidermal repair after skin injury.
