Chemical Composition and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Seeds of Akebia trifoliata
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Abstract:
In this study, the chemical constituents and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of medicine and food dualuse Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Seeds were studied. The seeds of Akebia trifoliata were extracted with water and 95% ethanol, then extracted with different polar solvents. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of each of these extract fractions was determined. It was found that the n-butanol fraction of the 95% ethanol extract could inhibit the active site of the α-glucosidase (IC50 was 18.16 μg/mL). The n-butanol fraction was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, HP20SS column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Akebia trifoliata seeds, and after the comparison with the spectral data in the literature, they were identified as Hederacholichiside F (1), Saponin E (2), Mutong Sponin B (3), Saponin PJ1 (4), Saponin PH (5), Yuzhiziosiside IV (6), Akebia Saponin D (7), Saponin B (8), HN-Saponin F (9), Yuzhizioside Ⅳa (10), Icariside D (11), Phenethyl rutinoside (12), Calceolariolside B (13) and Isoquercitrin (14). Compounds 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 were isolated from Akebia trifoliata for the first time. Compounds 2, 7, 10 and 14 had certain inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with IC50 values being 17.48, 35.62, 35.79 and 44.78 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 6 and 13 showed the most significant inhibitory activities, with IC50 values being 4.27 μg/mL and 2.95 μg/mL, respectively, which were superior to that of acarbose (IC50: 6.02 μg/mL).
