Protective Effect of Enzymatically Processed Chicken bile on Acute Alcoholic Liver Damage in Rats
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Abstract:
The protective effects of enzymatically converted chicken bile (CB) on alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) in rats and its potential mechanism were investigated. Thirty-five 8-week-old male rats were randomly divided into a control group; a model group; and low-, medium- and high-dose CB treatment groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively) after adaptive feeding for 1 week. At 1 week after modeling using 6 mL/kg•bw of alcohol and CB intervention, all rats were sacrificed. Serum and liver samples were collected to determine relevant indices, and the liver histology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that a high dose of CB was associated with hepatoprotective effects by ameliorating the reduction in body weight and elevated liver index in rats. After high-dose CB intervention, the activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and catalase were increased by 67.48%, 110.07%, and 34.30%, respectively, whereas the cytochrome enzyme level decreased by 35.02%, indicating a substantial enhancement in alcohol metabolism. Moreover, the activities of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase in the serum were reduced by 35.62%, 38.50%, and 45.25% respectively, indicating improvements in liver damage. In addition, CB intervention reduces the levels of total cholesterol (by 51.23%) and triglycerides (by 47.12%) in the serum, increased superoxide dismutase activity (by 102.93%) and the glutathione level (by 40.69%), and decreased the malondialdehyde level (by 35.85%) in the liver. These results suggest that lipid metabolism was enhanced and oxidative stress was alleviated. Highdose CB intervention downregulates the expression levels of genes and proteins involved in the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/IKBα signaling pathway. The expression levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor α were reduced by 31.29%, 28.71%, 40.48%, and 37.48%, respectively, indicating reduced inflammatory stress. Based on these findings, CB shows potential for development as a functional food and health care product for liver protection.
