Supercritical CO2 Extract of Pine Pollen Inhibits Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Mice
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Abstract:
In this study, supercritical CO2 fluid technology was used for the extraction of Yunnan pine pollen, and the effect of the obtained extract on the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in mice was investigated. It was found that the effects of extraction time, temperature, flow rate, and pressure on the yield (corresponding effects ranked from large to small), with the optimal yield being 9.9%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extract indicated that organic acids accounted for 50.63% of the total compounds, followed by alkanes, alcohols, and others. Testosterone propionate was injected intraperitoneally to establish a mouse BPH model. Pine pollen extract (0.8 mg/kg•d) daily was daily gavaged for 28 days. The results showed that compared to the control group (CON), the prostate weight and prostate index of the BPH group increased significantly, the epithelial cells in the prostate tissue thickened and protruded inwardly, the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, and the contents of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and caspase-3 (CASP-3) decreased. Based on metabolomics analysis, the metabolic pathways such as amino acid-tRNA biosynthesis, L-phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis, and tryptophan biosynthesis underwent differential changes. Following intervention with the pine pollen extract, the aforementioned conditions were reversed to varying degrees. These indicated that pine pollen extract can alleviate testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating inflammatory factors, BPH pathways, proliferation and apoptosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways. It provides a theoretical support for the development and utilization of pine pollen resources.
