Bacteriophages are a class of viruses that parasitize bacteria, specifically recognize, and kill them. Bacteriophages have the potential to replace antibiotics, especially in the field of food safety, addressing the threat of pan-drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in the era of "human-environment-food" ecological chain. Bacteriophage taxonomy is an important discipline to elucidate the evolution and development patterns among the species. In recent years, with the advancements of next-generation sequencing, culturomics and other technologies, many new technological advances and challenges have emerged in bacteriophage taxonomy. By reviewing the development of bacteriophage taxonomy, this study identified the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used taxonomy techniques. Simultaneously, the paper systematically summarizes the specific scheme of bacteriophage evolutionary taxonomy, focusing on the frontier progress of taxonomic scale and phylogenetic construction. Finally, this study summarizes the recent progress of bacteriophage taxonomic technology, specifically recommending a reliable process of pure culture bacteriophage taxonomy, and discussing the challenges and requirements of culture omics, meta-virome and bacteriophage analysis techniques of bacteriophage taxonomy. This paper provides a reference for the further progress of phage taxonomic techniques.
