Immunomodulatory Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Complexed with Bovine Casein Hydrolysate on Macrophages and Mice
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Abstract:
The immunomodulatory efficacy of bovine casein hydrolysate and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were studied, focusing on the immunomodulatory effects of their complex on macrophages and mice, along with their potential synergistic effects. Using low, medium, and high doses (100, 200, and 500 μg/mL) of the complex and its singlecomponent (200 μg/mL), the proliferation capacity, phagocytosis, secretion of NO, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) of macrophages were determined. Additionally, the immune organ index, proliferation capacity of lymphocytes, degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity, and natural killer (NK) cell activity were measured in mice. The results showed that, compared to the blank group, low, medium and high dose complexes, G. lucidum polysaccharides, and bovine casein hydrolysates all significantly increased the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages (116.78%, 133.47%, 137.73%, 131.07%, and 124.63%, respectively), with NO release (22.19, 27.77, 29.49, 28.82, and 26.17 μm, respectively), IL-6 release (0.317, 0.323, 0.293, 0.309, and 0.297 μg/mL, respectively), and TNF-a release (0.42, 0.50, 0.54, 0.52, and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively) (P<0.05). The complexes with low, medium, and high doses all increased the difference in toe thickness (0.305, 0.354, and 0.429 mm, respectively), enhanced spleen lymphocyte's transformation capacity (25.30%, 34.20%, and 36.13%, respectively), and enhanced NK cell activity (0.36, 0.53, and 0.74, respectively) in mice (P<0.05). The study results indicated that the complexes promoted immunomodulatory effects in macrophages and mice and exhibited a synergistic effect.
