Identification of Single Nectar and Multifloral Honey Using HS-GC-IMS
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Abstract:
This study sought to facilitate the easy, quick, and accurate identification of single nectar and multifloral honey in the market. To this end, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in four kinds of single nectar and four kinds of multifloral honey were analyzed using HS-GC-IMS. The fingerprint spectra found 76 types of volatile organic compounds, including 17 aldehydes, 16 esters, 9 ketones, 17 types of alcohol, five acids, six alkenes, two furans, and four heterocyclic and heteroatom compounds. The experimental results showed marked differences in the VOCs between multifloral honey (S1, S2, and S4) and single-nectar honey (S5, S6, S7). For example, the content of ester compounds in multifloral honey was 17.51%~32.90%, while that in single-nectar honey was 7.20%~22.81%. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish single nectar and multifloral honey based on the additive value (62%) of two principal components (PCA_1 and PCA_2). As a result, multifloral honey S3 was found to possess 12 types of characteristic volatile organic compounds, showing a significant difference from those of the other multifloral honey and single nectar components. These findings highlight the potential of HS-GC-IMS for use in the identification of single nectar and multifloral honey, as well as in the detection of VOCs both rapidly and with the need for any pretreatment. Thus, this paper serves as an important reference for honey identification in market supervision and quality evaluation.
