Abstract:To establish a maturity determination index system for “Tainong No.1” mangoes and determine representative maturity determination indices, mangoes harvested at different times and locations were analyzed for changes in physiological postharvest ripening indicators, including flesh and skin color, texture (hardness, adhesion, elasticity, chewiness), soluble solids, and titratable acidity. A systemic study of postharvest ripening physiological indicators was conducted using principal component analysis and partial least squares methods. The results showed differences in physiological postharvest ripening indicators among batches of “Tainong No.1” mangoes harvested at the same initial maturity level. Using the partial least squares and principal component analysis methods, flesh b*, titratable acidity, and hardness were determined to be the first, second, and third final indicators for evaluating fruit ripeness, respectively. The accuracy rates of maturity determination for the three indicators were 94.34%, 87.21%, and 68.09%, respectively. In conclusion, by establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system and determining the corresponding maturity level index values, theoretical guidance and practical value for timely harvesting and sales of “Tainong No.1” mangoes in different regions were provided.