Effects of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Extracted by Different Extraction Methods
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Abstract:
To compare the effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Polygonatum sibiricum, the rhizomes and roots of P. sibiricum were used as raw materials and PP was extracted using water extraction (WE), enzyme extraction (EE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) methods. This study compared the yields, chemical compositions, oil-holding capacities, alcohol solubility, hygroscopicity, antioxidant activities, the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, monosaccharide compositions, and molecular weights of PP extracted using different methods. The results showed that, compared with the other two extraction methods, EE gives a higher yield (8.11%), a higher total sugar content (52.79%), greater oil-holding capacity (5.67 g/g), higher hygroscopicity (25.28%), and a higher weight-average molecular weight (5.343 × 105 g/mol). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the three polysaccharides obtained against 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) were 0.41, 0.23, and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were 0.19, 0.16, and 0.18 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values against α-glucosidase were 2.14, 1.98, and 2.06 mg/mL, respectively, whereas those against α-amylase were 0.62, 0.41, and 0.58 mg/mL, respectively. All three polysaccharides are acidic polysaccharides, while the monosaccharides are mainly composed of glucose. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that all three polysaccharides have characteristic polysaccharide functional groups, and electron microscopy reveals different structural features. In short, different extraction methods have different effects on the physicochemical properties, biological activities, monosaccharide composition, and microstructure of polysaccharides of P. sibiricum. EE is an effective method to improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides, and polysaccharides extracted from P. sibiricum have certain biological activities and development value.
