Anti-obesity and Lipid-lowering Effects of Ellagic Acid and Fisetin from Yunnan’s Wild Phyllanthus emblica
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Abstract:
Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is an edible and medicinal fruit that has received much attention in recent years, but little has been reported about its anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects as well as specific functional components. In this study, the flavonol-rich polyphenols from Yunnan wild PE were extracted (Phyllanthus emblica Extract, PEE). It was found that in the 3T3-L1 cell model, PEE could significantly inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes and reduce the production of lipid droplets. When PEE at 300 μg/mL was applied, the relative contents of total triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in cells were reduced to 66.47% and 40.87%, respectively, suggesting that PEE in Yunnan wild PE has the potential to promote weight loss and lipid reduction. HPLC analysis revealed that Yunnan wild PE contained ellagic acid (3 030.78 μg/g) and fisetin (560.70 μg/g). Ellagic acid and fisetin were mixed at a 5:1 ratio to form a mixture (EF), and the effect of EF on a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model was examined. The results showed that EF could inhibit the growth of body weight and white fat in HFD mice, and decreased the serum TG, TC and LDL-C contents by 45.48%, 12.06% and 37.54%, respectively, while increasing the HDL-C level by 18.75%. The liver index, serum ALT and AST of the HFD mice decreased by 7.80%, 21.59% and 41.64%, respectively. EF exhibited anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects, and could exert certain repairing functions on the liver, thus, EF are important components accounting at least paritially for the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of Yunnan wild PE.
