Advances in Characterizing the Main Active Components, Functions, and Mechanisms of Polygonatum Species
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Abstract:
Polygonatum is an edible plant with important medicinal properties. The main active components of Polygonatum include polysaccharides, polyphenols, lectins, alkaloids, and saponins. Polygonatum exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic, anti-fatigue, antibacterial, memory improvement, cell apoptosis promotion, Alzheimer’s disease treatment, and bone cell differentiation promotion. Polygonatum thus has broad application prospects in health food and drug research and development. Polygonatum possesses several types of active components with complex mechanisms of action. The content of active components in Polygonatum varies across different species and habitats, and their biological functions also vary. This paper summarizes the main active substances in Polygonatum, and the functional activity and content of active substances between plants of different origin and different species. It also outlines the specific mechanisms of the active substances of Polygonatum in lowering blood sugar, promoting bone cell differentiation, preventing cancer, promoting cell apoptosis, treating Alzheimer’s disease, and fostering bone cell differentiation, and provides insights into in-depth processing and efficient utilization of Polygonatum resources.
