Mechanism and Research Advancements of the Therapeutic Activity of Ferulic Acid for Atherosclerosis
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Abstract:
Ferulic acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative of phenolic. FA originates from the secondary metabolism of plants and is prevalent in daily grains. The variety of pharmacological activities of FA include anti-oxidation, anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, endothelial cell protection, and cardiovascular system protection. FA and its derivatives are widely used in food additives and other applications, including treatment of treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis (AS). AS is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by fibrofatty lesions in the arterial wall under the conditions of lipid metabolism disorder and endothelial cell dysfunction. As leads to arterial hardening with the accumulation of plaques, resulting in serious vascular dysfunction. The Chinese medicinal herbs of Angelicae sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. have therapeutic effects on AS; FA is one of the main active components of these herbs. Therefore, studying the inhibitory effect of FA on AS is relevant and important. This article reviews recent advancements in research on the effects of FA on AS, mainly describing the various ways through which FA counteracts AS and its potential mechanisms. Additionally, from the perspective of energy metabolism, the article presents evidence suggesting the possibility that FA activation of brown fat inhibits AS. The findings summarized in this review could provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and clinical treatment of AS with FA, suggest the increase of bioavailability of FA in daily diet, and provide a reference to further develop the therapeutic applications of FA.
