Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Investigation of Differential Metabolites and Key Pathways in Barley Grains under Pb2+ Stress
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Abstract:
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics technology combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and other multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate the effects of lead (Pb2+) contamination on barley grains. In positive and negative ion modes, 50 differential metabolites were identified from Pb2+ stressed barley grain plants (GS1600) and control grains (GSCK). The results showed that Pb2+ stress significantly affected the amount of lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, and organic heterocyclic compounds in barley. Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, 16 metabolic pathways were identified, of which five metabolic pathways (citric acid cycle, glutathione metabolism, sugar oxidation, dicarboxylic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid metabolism) were the key metabolic pathways used to produce differential metabolites. The results showed that Pb2+ significantly affected lipids and lipid-like molecules, benzene ring compounds, and organic oxygen compounds in barley by affecting amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites after stress. These results indicated that Pb2+ stress could affect the nutritional value and flavor quality of barley grains.
