Antioxidative, Immunomodulatory, and Hypoglycemic Effects of Red Ginseng Concentrate on Mice
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Abstract:
The effects of different doses of red ginseng concentrate on the antioxidant, immunological, and hypoglycemic activities in mice were examined by establishing aging mouse models and type II diabetic mouse models. Compared with the control group, the red ginseng concentrate-treated group demonstrated significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), fasting blood sugar (FBG), and glucose area under the curve (AUC) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Meanwhile, the experimental group showed a considerably higher hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging rate, as well as higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) and catalase (CAT) activities. Moreover, the abundances of immunoglobulin G (Ig G), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were considerably increased (P<0.05). Red ginseng concentrate treatment also improved splenic injury in mice. These results indicate that red ginseng concentrate, when administered at an appropriate dose, can delay aging, improve the immunity of aging mice, elicit hypoglycemic effects, and enhance glucose tolerance in type II diabetic mice.
