Research Progress in Delivery Systems for Astaxanthin
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Abstract:
Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant with a wide array of biological efficacies, such as strong antioxidant properties and blood-sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Many companies produce and extract astaxanthin locally and abroad. Their products are widely used in aquatic feed, healthcare products, and pharmaceutical industries, which have high requirements for raw materials. However, astaxanthin has low water solubility, poor stability, and high extraction and synthesis costs, which considerably affect its industrial application. Therefore, exploring embedding technology for astaxanthin preservation is gaining considerable research attention. Several types of astaxanthin delivery systems have been shown to improve the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin. Here, recent advances in astaxanthin delivery systems based on liposomes, microcapsules, and emulsions-based methods are reviewed and discussed. Comparisons of the encapsulation efficiency, bioaccessibility, and advantages and disadvantages of these three delivery systems are expected to provide a reference for research and application of astaxanthin delivery systems and establish a solid scientific foundation for the commercial application of astaxanthin.
