Effects of Salt Stress and Ascorbic Acid on the Accumulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid during Kidney Bean Germination
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Abstract:
To optimize the process conditions for enriching γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in kidney bean under the stress of exogenous factors, the effects of the addition of exogenous factors on the GABA content in germinated kidney bean were investigated by response surface methodology on basis of the single factor experiments. Meanwhile, the mechanism of GABA accumulation in kidney bean was also discussed. The results showed that except for sodium chloride, sodium glutamate, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid and pyridoxal phosphate all significantly promoted GABA enrichment in kidney bean during germination. Under salt stress (3.00 g/L sodium glutamate, 5.37 mmol/L calcium chloride) combined with the treatment with 0.17 g/L ascorbic acid, the GABA content after germination for 24 h was the highest (303.60 mg/100 g), which was 4.39 times and 2.12 times the GABA contents in the kidney bean seeds and in the control kidney bean treated by deionized water, respectively. During germination, the amount of accumulated GABA in kidney bean was positively correlated with the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and the increase of substrate level and the concentrations of Ca2+ and H+ had positive effects on GABA accumulation in kidney bean under stress treatment. In this research, salt stress combined with ascorbic acid treatment increased effectively the GABA content in germinated kidney bean, which could provide theoretical support for the development of GABA-rich kidney bean products.
