Volatiles and Aroma Characteristics of Polygonatum kingianum at Different Ages
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Abstract:
To compare the volatiles and aroma characteristics of Polygonatum kingianum at different ages, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the volatiles associated with P. kingianum samples of different age, which were identified using an aroma radar chart based on the relative odor activity values (ROAVs). Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were then used to identify the signature aroma compounds within each sample and a total of 67 volatiles were identified, including 16 esters (18.39%~63.98%), 15 alkanes (2.22%~20.85%), nine aldehydes (18.31%~35.45%), eight olefins (0.46%~2.33%), five alcohols (2.50%~6.21%), and four ketones (0.39%~1.31%). The ROAVs and aroma radar chart indicate that (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, ethyl heptanoate, and hexanal are the largest contributors to the aroma associated with P. kingianum; two-year-old samples have a strong grassy scent, three-, four-, and five-year-old samples are characterized by fatty aromas, and six-year-old samples have intense fruity and floral scents. The OPLS-DA and RF results show that 2-butyl-2-octenal, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl heptanoate, hexanal, and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal are signature aroma compounds in P. kingianum. In summary, this study reveals how the volatiles and aroma characteristics of P. kingianum vary at different ages and is expected to serve in the comprehensive development and utilization of P. kingianum.
