Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Bighead Carp and the Isolation and Identification of Potential Probiotics
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Abstract:
Using third-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, characteristics of the gut microbiota of bighead carp in natural pond habitats was analyzed and potential probiotics were isolated from the microbiota. The gut microbiota of bighead carp in natural ponds is dominated by Firmicutes (10.28%) and Proteobacteria (21.47%) at the phylum level. At the genus level, unnamed genera ZOR006 (21.63%), Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (10.84%), Romboutsia (10.34%), Paeniclostridium (9.63%), and Methylocystis (8.74%) were dominant. To isolate Bacillus from bighead carp, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients and inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, the probiotic properties of strains isolated from the gut of bighead carps in natural ponds were tested for enzyme production and antibacterial functions. Three strains of bacteria, namely YB6, YB42, and YB56, were isolated in the experiment. Through colony morphology observations and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, these strains were identified as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus siamens, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. These three strains exhibited excellent ability to produce extracellular protease, amylase, and cellulase and inhibit pathogenic bacteria; therefore, they may be used as probiotics to promote digestion and antagonize pathogens in further research.
