Enrichment and Migration of Cadmium and Lead in a Soil-Chrysanthemum System and Changes in Chrysanthemum Quality under Different Passivating Agents
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Abstract:
The effects of biochar, conditioner, and humic acid on the degradation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Chrysanthemum morifolium were investigated in this study. In addition, the enrichment and migration of Cd and Pb in a soil-Chrysanthemum morifolium system, as well as the changes in quality of Chrysanthemum under different passivating agents were examined. The results showed that the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the soil-Chrysanthemum morifolium system with two different degrees of Cd and Pb contamination were decreased by the addition of three types of passivating agents, and the addition of biochar led to the largest reductions (54.70% and 72.27%, respectively). Compared with two other passivating agents, the addition of biochar exerted the largest effect on inhibiting the migration of Cd and Pb between stems and flowers, and the residues in Chrysanthemum tea dregs. The Cd and Pb residues in tea dregs decreased by 48.91% and 56.10% in soil 1 and 62.77% and 86.00% in soil 2, respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and isochlorogenic acid A in soil 1 with biochar addition had the largest increase compared with the control (154.93%, 77.11%, and 99.09%, respectively). Comprehensive analysis showed that biochar had the best effect on the degradation of Cd and Pb in Chrysanthemum plants, reducing their residues in Chrysanthemum tea and improving the quality of Chrysanthemum. Thus, biochar could be used as the preferred material for soil passivation remediation in Chrysanthemum morifolium planting areas.
