Distribution Patternsand Hypoglycemic Activities of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors in Extracts from Different Parts of Toona sinensis Leaves Collected in Different Months
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Abstract:
In order to explore the distribution patterns and hypoglycemic effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors in the extracts from different parts of Toona sinensis collected in different months. From August to November of 2020, 36 samples were collected from three Toona sinensis trees respectively, and 50% ethanol was used to extract the inhibitors against α-glucosidase. The inhibitory activity, enzyme inhibition kinetics and fluorescence spectral characteristics of Toona sinensis leaf extract against α-glucosidase were analyzed. Furthermore, zebrafish was exposed to different concentrations of Toona sinensis leaf extract along with 3% glucose to study the hypoglycemic effect. The results showed that the temporal distribution pattern of α-glucosidase inhibitors in Toona sinensis leaves was: the inhibitory rate was higher in August and November (up to 99%); the spatial distribution pattern was: the inhibitory rate decreased from the upper layer to the lower layer. The inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase showed significant differences in time and space. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Toona sinensis leaf extract against α-glucosidase was 0.45 mg/mL, which was much lower than the positive control acarbose (5.05 mg/mL). The enzyme inhibitory type of Toona sinensis leaf extract was competitive inhibition, and the interaction mode between the Toona sinensis extract and enzyme belonged to dynamic fluorescence quenching. When the exposure concentration of Toona sinensis leaf extract was 4 mg/L, the concentration of blood glucosein zebrafish was significantly different from that forhigh glucose group. This study providesa theoretical support for sampling method design for massive extraction of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Toona sinensis leaves and development of a new hypoglycemic drug.
