Effects of a Water Extract of Jasminum grandiflorum L. and its Main Components on the Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells
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Abstract:
The lipid-lowering effects of a water extract of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (WE) and its chemical components on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was investigated. To determine the inhibitory effects of J. grandiflorum samples on lipid droplet development, oil red O staining was used to quantify and detect triglyceride (TG) contents following the induction of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to produce mature adipocytes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical components in the water extract of J. grandiflorum, an MTT assay was used to determine the effects of J. grandiflorum and its components on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and western blotting was performed to determine the expression of AMPK, C/EBPα, FAS, ACC, CPT1, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins. The results revealed that the WE can significantly inhibit the formation of lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner. A high concentration of WE (500 µg/mL) was found to reduce the contents of neutral lipids and TG by 23.59% and 30.20%, respectively. These effects were found to be most significant during the early stage of fat accumulation, and it was established that the active constituent contributing most to this lipid-lowering effect was oleuropein, with a content of 13.77%. Furthermore, WE and oleuropein were shown to activate the phosphorylation of AMPK (123.19% and 115.98%, respectively) and its downstream target ACC (451.06% and 1 050.0%), and to downregulate the protein expression of its downstream target FAS (81.72% and 60.50%). This had the effect of reducing adipogenesis and increasing the expression of CPT1 (164.84% and 292.19%), and accelerating fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, it inhibited the expression of C/EBPα (68.97% and 34.57%), thereby affecting the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and also upregulated the expression of Bax (154.60% and 139.37%) and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 (41.10% and 45.62%), thus inducing 3T3-L1 cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that a WE of J. grandiflorum can inhibit cell growth, differentiation, and lipid synthesis, and promote fatty acid oxidation during the early stage of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, thereby effectively inhibiting lipid accumulation, the underlying mechanism of which may involve the regulation of AMPK and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways.
