Determination of Elements and Stable Isotope Ratios in Cherry Kernel Shells and Analysis of the Geographical Origin of Cherries
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Abstract:
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) were used to determine the contents of 37 elements and stable isotope ratios of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N, respectively) in the kernel shells of cherries and applied to identify their geographical origin. After removing the pulp and kernels of cherries, the kernel shells were dried and ground to a powder. After microwave digestion, the element contents of the kernel shell powder were determined using ICP-MS. Moreover, δ2H, δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N of the kernel shell powder were determined using EA-IRMS. The elemental contents and stable isotope ratios of cherry samples from Australia, the United States of America, New Zealand, Chile, and China were evaluated. Multivariate analyses of elements, including analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple comparison, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis, were performed using the relevant SPSS packages to attribute the geographical origin of the cherries. Combined indicators of Mn, Co, Rb, Sr, Ba, and δ2H were the most effective in tracing cherries to their geographical origin, with an overall cross-validation accuracy of 92.1%.
