Optimization of the Extraction Process and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Total Saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Husk
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Abstract:
Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husk is a waste material produced during the cultivation of this plant. Here, the process conditions for extracting total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk as a raw material were optimized using single-factor ultrasonic cell fragmentation combined with the response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity of the extracted total saponins was evaluated using DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging and Fe2+ chelating assays. Further, the inhibitory effects of the extracted total saponins on the proliferation of HepG2 and A549 cells were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay. The optimum extraction conditions for total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk were as follows: 65% ethanol volume fraction, 35:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, 200 W ultrasonic power, 35 min ultrasonic treatment duration, and 50 °C ultrasonic treatment temperature; under these conditions, the total saponin yield reached 14.95 mg/g. Antioxidant assays showed that at the total saponin concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, the DPPH· and ABTS+· scavenging rates were 91.35% and 82.63%, respectively. Moreover, at the total saponin concentration of 0.10 mg/mL, the Fe2+ chelating rate was 88.01%. Total saponin concentration was significantly correlated with ABTS+· scavenging and Fe2+ chelating potential (p<0.01). At the total saponins concentration of 120 μg/mL, the survival rates of HepG2 and A549 cells were 10.95% and 2.04%, with the IC50 values of 79.30 and 63 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, ultrasonic cell fragmentation is an efficient technology for extracting total saponins from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk. Total saponins extracted from X. sorbifolia Bunge husk exhibit potent antioxidant and antitumor activities. This article provides a methodological reference for the effective utilization of X. sorbifolia Bunge waste.
