Abstract:Drug bioavailability refers to the fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation after ingestion by mouth and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is influenced by various routes or dosage forms. Bioavailability is impacted by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by an organism. In medicine and other fields, nanoscale drug delivery systems offer effective methods for improving the bioavailability of bioactives. Pharmaceuticals need to be released from these carriers to be fully absorbed and exert their therapeutic effects. In bioactive molecule research and development, in vitro models and in vivo animal models can be used to simulate delivery of drugs into the body and assess parameters that allow prediction of their bioavailability. To date, common bioavailability models include in vitro simulated drug release models, in vitro simulated digestion models, cellular models, and in vivo pharmacokinetic models. This paper summarizes the establishment and application of representative bioavailability models to provide a reference for future research and development of in vitro and in vivo bioavailability models for nanoscale drug delivery systems.
