Comparison of Quality and Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Six Kinds of Liquid Smoke
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Abstract:
In this paper, the quality and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of garlic stick, Perilla frutescens, dried tangerine peel, pear wood, peach wood and jujube wood liquid smoke were studied, and toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) was used to evaluate the toxicity risk of liquid smoke. The results showed that there was the significant difference in quality index of liquid smoking, the density was 1.01~1.04 g/mL, the color L* value was 45.01~67.56, the a* value was 23.06~29.86, the b* value was 86.68~96.16, the soluble solid content was 8.90%~15.77%, the pH value was 2.54~8.65, the total phenol content was 1.95~8.18 mg/mL, the carbonyl compound content was 2.23~19.81 g/100 mL, and the total acid content was 1.53%~12.51%. There was a great correlation among the indexes of liquid smoke. In the positive correlation, the density had the strongest correlation with the content of soluble solids, and the correlation coefficient was 0.998; in the negative correlation, color b* value had the strongest correlation with soluble solid content, and the correlation coefficient was -0.986. The 16 kinds of PAHs were detected in the liquid smoke, among which the content of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was 0.13~1.53 μg/kg, and the total PAHs content ranged from 123.53 to 2222.31 μg/kg. Acenaphthene was the main PAHs in liquid smoke, and the proportion of 3 rings was the highest, ranging from 60.05% to 97.39%. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values of 16 kinds PAHs in liquid smoke were 5.00 μg/kg (pear wood), 4.25 μg/kg (dried tangerine peel), 3.18 μg/kg (commercial), 2.25 μg/kg (Perilla frutescens), 1.74 μg/kg (garlic stick), 1.37 μg/kg (peach wood) and 0.64 μg/kg (jujube wood). Through the determination of related indexes, as well as the analysis on distribution characteristics of PAHs and toxicity risks in liquid smoke, it can provide reference and basis for the safe use of liquid smoke.
