Detection and Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Chives Available in Tangshan and Risk Assessment of the Associated Dietary Intake
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Abstract:
A total of 68 kinds of pesticide residues in 415 Chinese chive samples collected from the Tangshan area in 2020 were qualitatively and quantitatively measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography to understand the concentrations and dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in Chinese chives from this area. In addition, the associated intake risks were evaluated based on the detection results. Forty-one kinds of pesticide residues were detected in 415 Chinese chives samples, and the detection rate was 69.4% (288 out of 415 samples). Different types of pesticides were found in several collected samples. According to the national food safety standards for the maximum residue limits of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019), the residues of 12 pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL); 38.07% of the samples (158 out of 415) failed to meet the national requirement. The highest detection rate of 41.20% (171 out of 415) was noted for clothianidin, but there is no MRL for this pesticide in GB 2763-2019. The second highest detection rate, 35.42% (147 out of 415), was observed for procymidone; 30.12% of the samples (125 out of 415) had procymidone concentrations higher than the MRL. Forbidden and restricted pesticides were also detected in some samples. The dietary exposure risk assessment results demonstrated that the national estimated daily intake and risk exposure values were all less than 1 for all samples and that the intake risk values were within the acceptable range. In the Tangshan area, Chinese chive production involves application of various pesticides, with risks associated with the contamination of multiple pesticides and use of forbidden, restricted, and even unregistered pesticides. It is suggested that routine monitoring of pesticide residues and management of pesticide usage should be strengthened to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
