Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by EGCG in Green Tea and Its Mechanism: A Research Review
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Abstract:
Green tea is one of the most popular drinks in Asia and the Middle East. It is a cancer-fighting, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant drink, and it can help treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, it improves obesity and diabetes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is found in the highest amount in green tea compared to other polyphenols and demonstrates noticeable antitumor activity. It is well known that apoptosis is the main way for various anticancer drugs to induce cell death. Therefore, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is a clear goal in cancer treatment. At present, a large number of studies have reported the antitumor activity of EGCG and revealed the effectiveness and mechanism of EGCG-induced tumor cell apoptosis. This study summarizes recently reported studies on the effects and mechanisms of EGCG in inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The pathways discussed include p53, STAT3, Akt, p38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and TRAIL. This study also discusses the mechanisms by which EGCG and natural products, antitumor drugs, and other compounds act synergistically to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Future research on the bioavailability, in vivo experiments, and clinical trials of EGCG is considered, offering a theoretical basis for clinical applications of EGCG.
