Comparative Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Rosa roxburghii Fruit from Different Regions in Guizhou Province
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Abstract:
To identify superior Rosa roxburghii cultivars in Guizhou and provide a scientific basis for large-scale planting, cultivation, and processing of medicinal Rosa roxburghii products, this study examined Rosa roxburghii fruits from 22 regions of Guizhou by determining their basic nutritional content. Measured values include soluble solids, titratable acids, soluble proteins, vitamin C, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Overall quality of Rosa roxburghii fruit from different regions was analyzed and compared. Correlation analyses, principal component analyses, and cluster analyses were performed, and a scoring model was constructed to comprehensively evaluate Rosa roxburghii fruit quality. Significant differences were identified in the comprehensive quality indices of Rosa roxburghii fruits from different regions (p<0.05). In particular, vitamin C content varied greatly. Except for SOD activity index, a significant correlation was observed between all other indices (p<0.05). Soluble solid, total sugar, soluble protein, and vitamin C contents were the highest in fruit from the Renhuai region, whereas reducing sugar content and SOD activity were the highest in those from the Yinjiang region. Amino acid content was the highest in fruit grown in the Wangmo region. All comprehensive quality indices were relatively high in fruit from the Dejiang region. Three principal components (eigenvalue>1) were identified, and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 75.162%. According to the comprehensive scoring model, the Rosa roxburghii fruit-growing regions are ranked in descending order of overall fruit quality as follows: RH>YJ>DJ>WM>LD>ZA>DZ> PD>HZ>LD>CS>LL>DF>BJ>ZN>KL>FG>AS>MJ>SN>SC>LZ>PZ. When the Euclidean distance is 20, Rosa roxburghii fruits from different regions can be divided into three categories according to their overall quality, and the results of cluster analysis are basically consistent with those of principal component analysis. Rosa roxburghii fruits in Dejiang, Renhuai, Yinjiang, and Wangmo were found to be of better overall quality. Fruit quality is thus closely correlated with altitude. Therefore, good-quality Rosa roxburghii fruits from high-altitude regions should be considered for exploitation and utilization.
