Separation of Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa and Its Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities
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Abstract:
In order to explore the optimal extraction conditions of saponins from quinoa (Longli No.1) grains and to verify their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, three factors and three levels orthogonal experiments were designed to explore the optimum extraction conditions of the ratio of material to solution, ethanol concentration and ultrasonic time. L-dopa induced B16 cell model was established and the effects of quinoa saponin on cell activity and tyrosinase activity were measured. Finally, Western blot was used to explore the pathway of quinoa saponins affecting the activity of tyrosinase. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for quinoa saponins were 1:40 ratio of material to liquid, 70% ethanol under ultrasound for 60 min, and the yield was 17.85±0.88 mg/g. When the concentration of quinoa saponin was lower than 200 μg/mL, it had no significant inhibitory effect on B16 cells, but could significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin formation. When B16 cells were treated with 200 μg/mL chenopodin for 72 h, the relative content of melanin decreased to 73.85%, and the activity of tyrosinase decreased to 53.31%. Quinoa saponins inhibited the formation of melanin by inhibiting the expression of microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) proteins. Quinoa saponins can be used in cosmetics or medicines as a component with whitening activity.
