Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from White Lotus Seed Skin
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Abstract:
The physicochemical properties of white lotus seed skin were investigated and the biological activities of lotus seed skin complex polysaccharides (LSSCP) were evaluated. To obtain LSSP, seed skin was water extracted, alcohol precipitated, and purified by deproteinization using Sevage reagent, decolorized, and dialyzed. The physicochemical properties were determined and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Antioxidant capacities of LSSP in vitro were evaluated according to their reducing capacities and DPPH and OH radical scavenging abilities. Immunomodulatory activities on RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. The yield and polysaccharide content of LSSP was 3.72% and 86.79%, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that LSSP was comprised mainly of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 2.23: 3.47: 1.00: 3.08: 4.27: 7.00. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates the presence of typical absorption peaks indicative of polysaccharides in LPPS. In vitro antioxidant capacity tests demonstrated good reducing power and scavenging activities of LPPS on DPPH and OH radicals. LSSP enhanced immunoregulatory activities by stimulating macrophages to release NO and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Secretion of all these molecules was the greatest when the concentration of LSSP was 200 μg/mL. Compared with the control group, LSSP increased the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β by 48.86 μM, 98.75 ng/mL, 85.64 ng/mL, and 46.67 ng/mL, respectively. The collective results implicate LSSP as a potentially novel immunomodulatory supplement. The findings provide a theoretical basis for future studies involving white lotus seed skins.
