Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity of Apigenin from Celery Leaves
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Abstract:
Using celery leaf powder as the raw material and apigenin content as the index, the extraction process of apigenin in celery leaves was optimized. The effects of water content, liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature on the apigenin content were investigated in the best deep eutectic solvent. On the basis of single factor, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. Using UV-visible spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) apigenin was analyzed and verified in the purified extract with macroporous resin. Finally, the antioxidant properties of purified apigenin were studied. The results showed that the efficiency of choline chloride/ethanol was 17.78% higher than that of 80% ethanol in the extraction of apigenin. The optimal conditions were as follow: liquid-to-material ratio of 40:1; water content of 24%; ultrasonic time of 14 min; extraction temperature of 42 ℃. Under these conditions, the apigenin content was 16.87 mg/g. The purified apigenin had a certain scavenging effect on DPPH (IC50=82.44 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50=148.92μg/mL) free radicals and a strong scavenging ability on hydroxyl (IC50=8.69 μg/mL) free radicals, which were lower than the scavenging ability of ascorbic acid and apigenin standard products. The green and environment-friendly DES can be used to extract apigenin from celery leaves, and the purified apigenin can maintain good antioxidant activity.
