Evaluation of Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Gardenia Fruit Oil
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Abstract:
Gardenia fruit oil was extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol combined with ultrasonic assisted extraction. The yield, oil composition, bioactive components and free radical scavenging ability of the three crude oils and ethanol extracts were analyzed. Under the same conditions that the solid-liquid ration was 1:8, the temperature was 40 ℃, the spending time was 20 minutes and ultrasonic intensity was 200 W, the oil yield extracted with ethanol was 13.26%, slightly lower than that of hexane (14.86%) and ethyl acetate (13.84%). The by-product ethanol colloid phase (ECP) was stratified at 4 ℃ from ethanol extraction, and the yield was 9.68%. The total tocopherol content in the crude oil of Gardenia fruit that extracted by ethanol was 1.62 μg/mg, which was 1.27 times of that obtained by n-hexane. The total sterol content was 22.63 μg/mg in the crude oil extracted by ethanol, which was 1.29 times of that obtained by ethyl acetate. The main aromatic components in the crude oil extracted by ethanol were volatile vanillic acid, syringic acid, and syringol. Different from the three crude oils, γ-linolenic acid (1.50%) and trans-linoleic acid (1.14%) were detected in ECP. The IC50 values of DPPH clearance and ABTS in ECP were 0.61 mg/mL and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than the test results in crude oil（7.62~10.31 mg/mL）. In addition, crocetin and eight sugar derivatives were preliminarily identified in the ECP by the method UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. The experimental results showed that gardenia fruit extracted with ethanol had higher economic value, for the reasons that it had sweet fragrance, rich types and higher contents of omega-6 fats, higher contents of active substances such as tocopherol and sterol, and strong free radical scavenging ability related to crocetin and its derivatives in the by-product.
