Abstract:In recent years, the urbanization and industrialization of China's coastal areas have promoted rapid economic development. Many enterprises of heavy metal smelting, processing, etc. have flourished. These led to a large amount of industrial wastewater, which has been discharged into the ocean, resulting in marine pollution. Among them, heavy metals are considered to be one of the important pollutants in the environment due to their high risk and difficult to treat. After the concentration of heavy metals and other pollutants reaches a certain level in the marine environment, it will affect the normal growth and development of the organisms, thereby causing irreversible damage to the structure of biological populations and even the entire ecosystem. With the continuous development of system biology, it could be provide a more powerful tool to explore the ecotoxic effects of heavy metals on marine organisms and the response mechanism of organisms. This paper focused on the status of heavy metal pollution, toxicological effects, and the application of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques in marine ecotoxicology, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for marine heavy metal detection and environmental risk assessment.
