Physicochemical Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens Leaves
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Abstract:
In this study, Gynura procumbens leaves were used as the experimental material, and their polysaccharides (GPLP) were obtained by the water extraction method. The total sugar content, uronic acid content, sulfate content, protein content and monosaccharide composition of GPLP were determined, with their antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities also examined. The total sugar content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the uronic acid content was determined by sulfuric acid-m-hydroxyphenol method. The sulfate content was determined by the BaCl2-gelatin method, while the monosaccharide composition was determined by gas chromatography and the structure of polysaccharide was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of GPLP was evaluated through measuring the total antioxidant activity and DPPH and OH free radicals scavenging capacities. The immunomodulatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated. The results showed that the yield of GPLP was 15.56%, and the total sugar contend in the crude polysaccharide was 52.32±1.56 g/100 g with the monosaccharides being arabinose, xylose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.39:8.70:3.17:1. The results of in vitro antioxidant tests showed significant total antioxidant activity and DPPH and OH free radicals scavenging capacities. GPLP could significantly increase the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, and at the GPLP dose of 25.0 μg/mL, the secretion of NO reached to the maximum values (31.24±2.30 μM). GPLP may improve immunity and can be used as a potential immunomodulator in the development of functional foods.
