Improvement of Neuroinflammation in Mice Induced By High-Fat-High-Fructose Diet by Saponins of Panax Japonicus and the Possible Underlying Mechanism
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Abstract:
The effects of saponins of Panax japonicus (SPJ) on the inflammatory response in the brain tissue of mice induced by high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD) were investigated. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into following groups: normal control group, model control group, SPJ-treated groups. Normal control mice were fed with standard diet, while model control group were fed with HFFD, and SPJ-treated groups were fed with HFFD combined with low-dose SPJ (16.7 mg/kg) and high dose SPJ (50 mg/kg) for 4 months. Compared with the normal control group, model control group exhibited increased cell apoptosis and microglia activation. Meanwhile, protein expression levels of inflammatory-related factors were significantly increased. Treatment mice with SPJ significantly improved the morphology and structure of brain tissue, inhibited neuronal cell apoptosis and microglia activation. In addition, SPJ significantly decreased the protein levels of inflammatory related factors such as iNOS, COX-2 and IL-1β, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1. Thus, SPJ could improve the inflammatory response of brain tissue induced by HFFD, and its underlying mechanism might related to inhibition of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to reduced expression levels of inflammatory factors.
