Composition and Function of Whey Protein in Goat Milk, Human Milk and Bovine Milk: A Comparative Study
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Abstract:
Whey protein was separated from goat milk, bovine milk and human milk and identified by combined liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in this study, and 156, 278 and 454 proteins were identified in whey protein of goat milk, bovine milk, and human milk. Compared with the whey protein of bovine milk and human milk, there were 99 specific expression proteins in whey protein of goat milk, and there were 31 and 15 identical proteins expressed in bovine milk and human milk, respectively. The results of gene ontology (GO) annotations analysis showed that the whey protein of goat milk played a biological regulation in biological process, and its molecular function was mainly embodied in the binding effect. In cellular component, the whey protein of goat milk in cell was mainly participated in the composition of organelle region and the extracellular region. The whey protein of goat milk had a large gap with human milk in the above three functions, but it was similar to bovine milk. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the whey protein of goat milk was mainly involved in the complement and coagulation cascade reaction and phagocytosis, which had a positive impact on human immunity. Consequently, the study on the composition and functional difference among goat milk, bovine milk and human milk could provide a theoretical reference for further research and development of goat milk.
