Modulation of Insulin Resistant in HepG2 Cells by Water Extracts and Ethanol Extracts from Bitter Melon
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Abstract:
In order to investigate the similarities and differences in the regulation of insulin resistance between water extracts (BMWE) and ethanol extracts (BMEE) from bitter melon on insulin resistant, the insulin resistance (IR) cell model was established in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. Glucose consumption, glycogen, triglyceride (TG), ATP content and the mRNA expression levels of relative gene were determined. The results showed that BMWE and BMEE could significantly increase the glucose consumption and intracellular glycogen content of IR cells, and BMEE could significantly decrease TG content in cells (112.08% vs. 132.97%) and increase ATP content in cells (80.62% vs. 48.44%); BMWE and BMEE could increase insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), adenosine 5‘-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mRNA expression, and could decrease acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) mRNA expression; BMWE could also increase protein kinase B (AKT) mRNA expression. BMWE might improve insulin resistance by activating IRS1-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in IR cells; However, BMEE could regulate glucose and lipid metabolism of IR cells through AMPK-ACC2-CPT1 signaling pathway, and their action pathways were different.
