Fatty Acid Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Kernel Oils from Different Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Varieties
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Abstract:
The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of kernel oils from different Korean pine varieties were investigated by gas chromatography, principal component analysis and four antioxidant assays, and the differences between the strains were compared in this study. Obvious differences in physicochemical properties of Pinus koraiensis kernel oil were observed among the different varieties. The iodine, acid andperoxide values were 88.13-127.22 g I2 /100 g, 0.72 -1.12 mg KOH/g and 0.167- 1.277 meq/kg, respectively. The extraction rates of 10 kinds of red pine seeds ranged from 61.33 to 69.05%, and the average oil extraction rate was 64.74%. Linoleic acid (43.203-46.135%) was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids (70%) in Pinus koraiensis, which had a great nutritional value. There was no significant difference in the hydroxyl radical (82.71%), superoxide anion (70.46%) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability (60%) of different varieties of pine nut oil, but the interspecific difference of total reducing power (20-100 mmol) of FRAP was obvious. The contents of α-VE ranged from 23.07 ± 1.94 to 162.22 ± 6.55 μg/g. The stability of different oil varieties decreased in the order of 5#< 2#< 4#< 1#< 3#< 7#< 6#< 10#< 8#< 9#. Ten kinds of pine nut oil could be divided into three categories according to the combination of principal component factors (F1, F2 and F3): 1#025, 2#058, 4#066; 5#117; 6#118, 7#119, 8#124, 10#179 and 3#060, 9#148. The pine seed oil in the same groups showed similar fatty acid composition, oil content and antioxidant activity.
