Bioactive Compounds of Different Hawthorn Cultivars and Their Antioxidant Activities
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Abstract:
The antioxidant properties of two common hawthorn cultivars, Shanlihong and Dajinxing, which are widely grown in the Shandong province of China, were examined. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of hawthorn powder prepared by freeze-drying were measured. Antioxidant activity was assessed based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and rapid peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC). Moreover, differences in the identity and quantity of active components with antioxidant activities between the two cultivars were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The TPC and TFC of the Shanlihong extract (61.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW and 55.96 mg catechin equivalents/g DW, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the Dajinxing extract. While both of the hawthorn fruit extracts had high antioxidant activity, the Shanlihong extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the Dajinxing extract, with a 1.54-fold higher ORAC and a two-fold higher PSC. Analysis of the hawthorn fruit extracts by HPLC led to the identification of seven polyphenols. Procyanidin B2 and epicatechin were the predominant phenolic compounds in both the Shanlihong and Dajinxing cultivars, and the polyphenol content of the Shanlihong cultivar was significantly higher than that of the Dajinxing cultivar. This comprehensive evaluation shows that the quantity and type of bioactive components in hawthorn differ between different cultivars, and that the Shanlihong cultivar, which has stronger antioxidant activity than the Dajinxing cultivar, is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
