Extraction and Analysis of Components of Visceral Lipids from Haliotis discus hannai Ino Using Different Solvents
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Abstract:
Crude fats and phospholipids were extracted from viscera of Haliotis discus hannai Ino with five different extraction solvents, such as chloroform/methanol, n-hexane, and cyclohexane/ethyl acetate. The effects of the solvents on the yield of lipids and phospholipids were analyzed, and the composition of fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). n-hexane/ethyl acetate (3:1, V/V) had optimum efficiency as extraction solvents, resulting in crude fat and phospholipid yields of up to 14.87±0.49% and 11.48±0.71% respectively. There are significant differences in the extraction yields of crude fat and phospholipids, fatty acid compositions, and content with the use of the five different solvents. Saturated fatty acids are of four to seven types, accounting for 28.72~1.71%, monounsaturated fatty acids are of five to six types, accounting for 30.02~38.98%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are of eight to twelve types, accounting for 25.62~31.32%, which includes ω-3 fatty acids, accounting for 4.96~7.83%. The polyunsaturated fatty acids extracted by cyclohexane or ethyl acetate are of 12 different types and they have the highest proportion, accounting for 31.32% including ω-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid, EPA, DPA), accounting for 7.71%. Therefore, cyclohexane/ethyl acetate was selected as the reagent most suitable for extraction of abalone visceral lipids, considering the extraction solvent properties, the extraction rates, and the nutrition values of the lipids.
