Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) Ions in Calcined Purple Mussel Shells
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Abstract:
The mussel is an important economic shellfish in China, but massive amounts of discarded shells due to increases in the scale of cultivation have become a focus of public attention. Studies have demonstrated that mussel shell is an environment-friendly bioadsorbent. In this study, the adsorption properties of mussel shell were optimized using the calcination method, and the microstructure, pore size, and composition of mussel shell were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The adsorption thermodynamic properties of the shell powder to cadmium (II) and lead (II) were also explored. The results showed that the main component of mussel shell powders after calcination was calcium oxide. The specific area of mussel shell powders was significantly increased up to 7.8965 m2/g, many nanometer-sized pores were formed with a diameter of 0.5~1.1 nm, and the adsorption capacity of the mussel shell powders was enhanced. The adsorbent dosage and solution pH had a greater influence on the amounts of adsorbed cadmium (II) and lead (II), the amount of adsorbed cadmium (II) was significantly higher than that of adsorbed lead (II), and both adsorptions followed the Freundlich isotherm equation. Therefore, calcined mussel shell is an excellent low-cost biological adsorbent that can be developed into a new adsorbent targeting the heavy metal cadmium (II) in wastewater.
