Mechanisms of Patulin (PAT) Toxicity towards Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK)293 Cells, as Determined by Digital Gene Expression Profile Analysis
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Abstract:
The dynamic changes in gene expression profiles of human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells during the injury process induced by food contaminant patulin (PAT) were analyzed. HEK293 cells were treated with 5 μM PAT for 3 h and 24 h, and the differentially expressed genes were screened using a digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling technique. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out, and some of the differentially expressed genes were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 79 and 261 genes were differentially expressed after 3-h and 24-h PAT induction, respectively. Among them, 71 and 192 genes were upregulated, while 8 and 69 genes were downregulated. PAT mainly induced the differential expression of apoptosis-related genes; differentially expressed RNA degradation genes were all upregulated, and differentially expressed RNA polymerase genes were downregulated. Most differentially expressed genes of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were upregulated. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade signaling genes were mainly involved in the downstream process, and most related genes were upregulated. The DGE technique provided numerous clues to renal cell damage induced by PAT at the molecular level and laid a foundation for the study of the biological effects of related genes.
