Effect of Thermal Treatment on Browning and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation in Abalone
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Abstract:
The extent of Maillard reaction has an important impact on product quality during the thermal treatment of abalone. This study investigated the effect of thermal treatment temperature and time on the formation of a Maillard reaction intermediate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and the browning of abalone. Fresh abalone samples were treated for different durations at different temperatures; the change in the 5-HMF content was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and the changes in browning intensity, fluorescence intensity, free amino acid content, and reducing sugar content were monitored. The results indicated that 5-HMF did not significantly increase in abalone when the sample was treated at 60 ℃ or 70 ℃ for 2 h, but increased significantly from 4.05 ng/g to 17.56 ng/g when the sample was heated at 90 ℃ for 2 h. The change in 5-HMF content was positively correlated with abalone fluorescence intensity and browning intensity. Meanwhile, the content of reducing sugars and free amino acids in heat-treated abalone gradually decreased as the heating temperature and time increased. When the sample was heated at 80 ℃ for 8 h, the reducing sugar content decreased from 1.25 mg/g to 0.69 mg/g, and the free amino acid content decreased from 18.14 mg/g to 14.03 mg/g. Consequently, controlling the Maillard reaction during thermal treatment of abalone can effectively control the production of harmful substances and the loss of nutrients. This study provides important insights for improving the quality of heat-treated abalone.
